Ecosystem Scale Implication of Soil CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Dynamics During Soil Freezing in Alaskan Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

Wilkman, E.; Zona, Donatella; Arndt, Kyle A.; Gioli, Beniamino; Nakamoto, Kyoko; Lipson, David A.; Oechel, Walter C.

doi:10.1029/2020jg005724

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JGR Biogeosciences

2021

DOI: 10.1029/2020jg005724

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Ecosystem Scale Implication of Soil CO₂ Concentration Dynamics During Soil Freezing in Alaskan Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

E. Wilkman

Donatella Zona

Kyle A. Arndt

et al.

Abstract: The northern permafrost region underlies 15% of the global soil area, and the estimated organic carbon (C) pool in the upper 3 m in this region accounts for ∼33% (1,035 ± 150 Pg C) of global belowground organic C storage (

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Cited by 3 publications

References 126 publications

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Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

Arndt,

Hashemi,

Natali

et al. 2023

Curr Clim Change Rep

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Purpose of Review While previously thought to be negligible, carbon emissions during the non-growing season (NGS) can be a substantial part of the annual carbon budget in the Arctic boreal zone (ABZ), which can shift the carbon balance of these ecosystems from a long-held annual carbon sink towards a net annual carbon source. The purpose of this review is to summarize NGS carbon dioxide (CO2) flux research in the ABZ that has been published within the past 5 years. Recent Findings We explore the processes and magnitudes of CO2 fluxes, and the status of modeling efforts, and evaluate future directions. With technological advances, direct measurements of NGS fluxes are increasing at sites across the ABZ over the past decade, showing ecosystems in the ABZ are a large source of CO2 in the shoulder seasons, with low, consistent, winter emissions. Summary Ecosystem carbon cycling models are being improved with some challenges, such as modeling below ground and snow processes, which are critical to understanding NGS CO2 fluxes. A lack of representative in situ carbon flux data and gridded environmental data are leading limiting factors preventing more accurate predictions of NGS carbon fluxes.

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Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

Arndt,

Hashemi,

Natali

et al. 2023

Curr Clim Change Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Numerical analysis of thermo-water-vapor-carbon coupling in a permafrost region: a case study in the Beiluhe area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

WEI,

LIU,

et al. 2024

Pedosphere

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Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia

Byrne

Liu

et al. 2022

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Site-level observations have shown pervasive cold season CO2 release across Arctic and boreal ecosystems, impacting annual carbon budgets. Still, the seasonality of CO2 emissions are poorly quantified across much of the high latitudes due to the sparse coverage of site-level observations. Space-based observations provide the opportunity to fill some observational gaps for studying these high-latitude ecosystems, particularly across poorly sampled regions of Eurasia. Here, we show that data-driven net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from atmospheric CO2 observations implies strong summer uptake followed by strong autumn release of CO2 over the entire cold northeastern region of Eurasia during the 2015–2019 study period. Combining data-driven NEE with satellite-based estimates of gross primary production (GPP), we show that this seasonality implies less summer heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and greater autumn Rh than would be expected given an exponential relationship between respiration and surface temperature. Furthermore, we show that this seasonality of NEE and Rh over northeastern Eurasia is not captured by the TRENDY v8 ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), which estimate that 47 %–57 % (interquartile range) of annual Rh occurs during August–April, while the data-driven estimates suggest 59 %–76 % of annual Rh occurs over this period. We explain this seasonal shift in Rh by respiration from soils at depth during the zero-curtain period, when sub-surface soils remain unfrozen up to several months after the surface has frozen. Additional impacts of physical processes related to freeze–thaw dynamics may contribute to the seasonality of Rh. This study confirms a significant and spatially extensive early cold season CO2 efflux in the permafrost-rich region of northeast Eurasia and suggests that autumn Rh from subsurface soils in the northern high latitudes is not well captured by current DGVMs.

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Ecosystem Scale Implication of Soil CO₂ Concentration Dynamics During Soil Freezing in Alaskan Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

Abstract: The northern permafrost region underlies 15% of the global soil area, and the estimated organic carbon (C) pool in the upper 3 m in this region accounts for ∼33% (1,035 ± 150 Pg C) of global belowground organic C storage (

Cited by 3 publications

References 126 publications

Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

Numerical analysis of thermo-water-vapor-carbon coupling in a permafrost region: a case study in the Beiluhe area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia

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Ecosystem Scale Implication of Soil CO2 Concentration Dynamics During Soil Freezing in Alaskan Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

Abstract: The northern permafrost region underlies 15% of the global soil area, and the estimated organic carbon (C) pool in the upper 3 m in this region accounts for ∼33% (1,035 ± 150 Pg C) of global belowground organic C storage (

Cited by 3 publications

References 126 publications

Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

Numerical analysis of thermo-water-vapor-carbon coupling in a permafrost region: a case study in the Beiluhe area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ecosystem Scale Implication of Soil CO₂ Concentration Dynamics During Soil Freezing in Alaskan Arctic Tundra Ecosystems