Ecosystem Metabolism in Piedmont Streams: Reach Geomorphology Modulates the Influence of Riparian Vegetation

Bott, Thomas L.; Newbold, J. Denis; Arscott, David B.

doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0086-6

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Fluvial erosion is less likely to occur along the grass streambank because the stresses are reduced, and the turbulence reduction will likely promote sedimentation. Because there is less turbulence, the energy of narrower channels can be maintained, supporting findings that grass channels are narrower than forested channels (Zimmerman et al, 1967;Clifton, 1989;Sweeney, 1992;Davies-Colley, 1997;Trimble, 1997;Bott et al, 2006;McBride et al, 2008).…”

Section: Impacts Of Vegetation On Streambank Fluvial Erosionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Vegetation impacts on near bank flow

Hopkinson

Wynn

2009

Ecohydrology

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Vegetation is an important component of stream restoration designs used to control streambank retreat, but vegetation effects on near bank flows need to be quantified. The goal of this research was to evaluate how three-dimensional velocity structure and turbulence characteristics vary with three vegetation treatments: tree, shrub and grass. A second order prototype stream (Tom's Creek in Blacksburg, Virginia, USA) with individual reaches dominated by each vegetation treatment was modelled in a research flume using a fixed-bed Froude-scale modelling technique. One model streambank of the prototype stream was constructed for each vegetation type and compared to a bare control (only grain roughness). Velocity profiles perpendicular to the flume model boundary were measured using a three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Three-dimensional velocity records, turbulent kinetic energy characteristics, and Reynolds stresses were analysed. The addition of vegetation on a sloping streambank increased the free stream streamwise velocity as compared to a bare streambank. Velocity in the downstream direction decreased in the area close to the streambank boundary for all vegetation treatments. Tree turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress distributions were similar to the bare condition due to the sparse tree placement characteristic of mature forests. The turbulence caused by the upright shrub treatment increased turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses near the streambank, particularly at the toe. The flexible grass vegetation folded and protected the streambank, reducing shear stress near the boundary.

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Section: Impacts Of Vegetation On Streambank Fluvial Erosionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Vegetation impacts on near bank flow

Hopkinson

Wynn

2009

Ecohydrology

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“…The 24-h community respiration estimate utilized for this study is based on a procedure described by Mulholland et al (2001) in which the daytime respiration is determined by extrapolating between the net oxygen exchange rate during the 1-h predawn and postdusk periods. While respiration is calculated as a negative number in the metabolism program, it is reported as a positive value in the paper for the sake of convenience and to report the data in a manner that is comparable with other studies (Hall 1972;Bott et al 1985Bott et al , 2006Wiley et al 1990;McTammany et al 2007;Mulholland et al 1997Mulholland et al , 2001Houser and Mulholland 2005). The net ecosystem production is the difference between the GPP and CR-24 values.…”

Section: Stream Metabolism Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Past research has shown that physical factors, such as light availability, temperature, and channel/habitat characteristics (Bott et al 1985(Bott et al , 2006Wiley et al 1990;Ortiz-Zayas et al 2005;Uehlinger and Brock 2005), can significantly influence production and respiration.…”

Section: Selected Environmental Variables Related To Stream Metabolismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies utilizing changes in DO and/or CO 2 to estimate primary production and stream metabolism have been conducted in a variety of environmental settings (Odum 1956;Hall 1972;Bott et al 1978Bott et al , 1985Bott et al , 2006Wiley et al 1990;Marzolf et al 1994;Young and Huryn 1996;Mulholland et al 1997;Biggs et al 1999;Young and Huryn 1999;Hall and Tank 2003;McTammany et al 2003;Houser and Mulholland 2005). Similarly, a small number of studies have analyzed the effect of increasing nitrate concentrations on the efficiency of biotic uptake and denitrification of nitrate, as related to ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration (Peterson et al 2001;Duff et al 2008;Mulholland et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative influence of nutrients and habitat on stream metabolism in agricultural streams

Frankforter

Weyers

Bales

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Stream metabolism was measured in 33 streams across a gradient of nutrient concentrations in four agricultural areas of the USA to determine the relative influence of nutrient concentrations and habitat on primary production (GPP) and respiration reach. When data for all study areas were combined, there were no statistically significant relations between gross primary production or community respiration and any of the independent variables. However, significant regression models were developed for three study areas for GPP (r 2 = 0.79-0.91) and CR-24 (r 2 = 0.76-0.77). Various forms of nutrients (total phosphorus and area-weighted total nitrogen loading) were significant for predicting GPP in two study areas, with habitat variables important in seven significant models. Important physical variables included light availability, precipitation, basin area, and in-stream habitat cover. Both benthic and seston chlorophyll were not found to be important explanatory variables in any of the models; however, benthic ash-free dry weight was important in two models for GPP.

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“…Ten studies were identified following full text assessment, and from which data could be retrieved (see Additional file 4) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. These studies were in: New Zealand (3), UK (2), USA (2), Ireland (1), Spain (1) and Denmark (1).…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the effects of wooded riparian zones on stream temperature?

et al. 2012

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Background: Predicted increases in stream temperature due to climate change will have a number of direct and indirect impacts on stream biota. A potential intervention for mitigating stream temperature rise is the use of wooded riparian zones to increase shade and reduce direct warming through solar radiation. To assess the effectiveness of this intervention, we conducted a systematic review of the available evidence for the effects of wooded riparian zones on stream temperature. Methods: We searched literature databases and conducted relevant web searches. Inclusion criteria were: subjectany stream in a temperate climate; intervention -presence of trees in the riparian zone; comparator -absence of trees in the riparian zone; outcome measure -stream temperature. Included studies were sorted into 3 groups based on the scale of the intervention and design of the study. Two groups were taken forward for synthesis; Group 1 studies comparing water temperature in streams with and without buffer strips/riparian cover and Group 2 comparisons of stream temperatures in open and forested landscapes. Temperature data were extracted and quantitative synthesis performed using a random effects meta-analysis on the differences in mean and maximum temperature. Results: Ten studies were included in each of Groups 1 and 2. Results for both groups suggest that riparian wooded zones lower spring and summer stream temperatures. Lowering of maximum is greater than lowering of mean temperature. Further analysis of environmental variables that might modify the effects of the intervention was not possible using the limited set of studies. Conclusions: Wooded riparian zones can reduce stream temperatures, particularly in terms of maximum temperatures. Because temperature is known to affect fish, amphibian and invertebrate life history, the reported effect sizes are likely to have a biological significance for the stream biotic community. Consequently investment in creation of wooded riparian zones might provide benefits in terms of mitigating some of the ecological effects of climate change on water temperature. Considerable uncertainty lies in the environmental variables that may modify the cooling effect of wooded riparian zones, and therefore it is not possible to identify when the use of this intervention for cooling would be most valuable.

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Ecosystem Metabolism in Piedmont Streams: Reach Geomorphology Modulates the Influence of Riparian Vegetation

Cited by 60 publications

References 55 publications

Vegetation impacts on near bank flow

Vegetation impacts on near bank flow

The relative influence of nutrients and habitat on stream metabolism in agricultural streams

What are the effects of wooded riparian zones on stream temperature?

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