Ecosystem Behavior Under Stress

Rapport, D. J.; Regier, H. A.; Hutchinson, T. C.

doi:10.1086/284368

Cited by 587 publications

(275 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Not all disturbances threaten ecosystems because the form of disturbance differs, as does the resiliency of systems to respond (Rapport et al 1985). Disturbance is required for many ecosystem processes -it is the change in frequency or intensity of the disturbance that is important in affecting the ecosystem's response.…”

Section: Synthesis 13 -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Miller

2008

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Section: Synthesis 13 -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Miller

2008

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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“…However, many other human pressures-most particularly nutrification, habitat conversion, and the overexploitation and introduction of species-also intensified with the expansion of human populations and technology during the Industrial Revolution and the post-World War II "Great Acceleration" (2,4,17,18) and are equally relevant to conservation and restoration efforts, as well as to basic ecological research. These pressures, moreover, started much earlier during preceding centuries to millennia at regional scales, both on land and in coastal seas, and have been accompanied by biological-stress syndromes (19), such as decreased body size, population size, trophic levels, and diversity, as well as functional and complete extinction of species (14,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). These nonclimate factors are now as global as climate change (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights from young fossil records

Kidwell

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

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With overwhelming evidence of change in habitats, biologists today must assume that few, if any, study areas are natural and that biological variability is superimposed on trends rather than stationary means. Paleobiological data from the youngest sedimentary record, including death assemblages actively accumulating on modern land surfaces and seabeds, provide unique information on the status of present-day species, communities, and biomes over the last few decades to millennia and on their responses to natural and anthropogenic environmental change. Key advances have established the accuracy and resolving power of paleobiological information derived from naturally preserved remains and of proxy evidence for environmental conditions and sample age so that fossil data can both implicate and exonerate human stressors as the drivers of biotic change and permit the effects of multiple stressors to be disentangled. Legacy effects from Industrial and even pre-Industrial anthropogenic extirpations, introductions, (de)nutrification, and habitat conversion commonly emerge as the primary factors underlying the present-day status of populations and communities; within the last 2 million years, climate change has rarely been sufficient to drive major extinction pulses absent other human pressures, which are now manifold. Young fossil records also provide rigorous access to the baseline composition and dynamics of modern-day biota under pre-Industrial conditions, where insights include the millennial-scale persistence of community structures, the dominant role of physical environmental conditions rather than biotic interactions in determining community composition and disassembly, and the existence of naturally alternating states.biodiversity | ecology | conservation | paleobiology | paleoecology

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“…Current study proves that human disturbance reduced the community abundance and, therefore, reduced abundance can reduce the community diversity, simply because there will be fever individuals present to be sampled after disturbances. Reductions in diversity have been cited as community response to environmental degradation (Rapport et al, 1985). Lower diversity in Unawatuna indicates higher disturbance to the habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-level analysis of anthropogenic impacts on rocky shore communities in Sri Lanka

Manage

2008

Nat Prec

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Statement according to § 6 (8) Final Examination Regulations of the University of Bremen for the Master's Degree "ISATEC" I herewith confirm that I have elaborated my diploma thesis titledCommunity-level analysis of anthropogenic impacts on rocky shore communities in Sri Lanka single-handed and without using other resources than mentioned therein. Page | VI ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Place and Date Signature ABSTRACTHuman activities threat seashore communities in many areas of the world and their impacts on coastal ecosystem are a matter of increasing concern. Present study describes the anthropogenic disturbances on the rocky shore community structure by comparing the benthic communities of disturbed and non-disturbed areas in Sri Lanka where rocky shores remain virtually untouched so far by experimental studies. Impacts of human disturbances; trampling, handling and exploitation on the community structure of rocky macro benthic assemblages were tested in high-, mid-and lowintertidal area by stratified sampling method at Rumassala marine sanctuary and adjacent two localities at either side of the marine sanctuary, Galle and Unawatuna. Univariate measures, log series model and multivariate techniques were used to discriminate the communities with respect to the disturbances. Proximity of study localities and indistinguishable physicochemical parameters of sea surface water (temperature, Salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH) indicated that overall environment of the study area was relatively uniform and changes in community structure was due to human disturbances. Human disturbances documented as visitor censuses by transect walk method lead to categorize the Rumassala as non-disturbed, Unawatuna as disturbed with Galle being of moderately disturbance. Community abundance showed a decreasing trend along with increasing disturbances, albeit community biomass, due to opportunistic algae species, increased in parallel to disturbances. Computed Index of disturbance revealed that macrofauna was very sensitive to the disturbances and increased disturbances reduced their competitive pressure on macroalgae, leading to outstanding macroalgal growth. Macroalgal domination in disturbed communities contributed to lessen the heterotrophic dominance in Galle and Unawatuna. 96 macrobenthic taxa were encountered from the study and Species richness, Shannon and Fisher's diversity index showed decreasing trend with increasing disturbances. Moreover, initial rising slope of species accumulation curves for three communities indicated that community evenness was low in disturbed communities. The community compositions from dominant conservative species to fast growing opportunistic species were well described by the log series model, showing left skewed distribution. The SIMPER analysis further confirmed that most biomass dominant species in stress status were the opportunistic species such as Valoniopsis pachynema, Gracilari...

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Ecosystem Behavior Under Stress

Cited by 587 publications

References 42 publications

Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights from young fossil records

Community-level analysis of anthropogenic impacts on rocky shore communities in Sri Lanka

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