Ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange from semiarid mangroves in the Gulf of California

Quantifying mangrove carbon assimilation rates using UAV imagery

“…In addition, future research should assess whether the proposed methodology can effectively evaluate spatial and temporal changes in carbon assimilation rates in mangroves, which may vary depending on the season. Further, ongoing investigation should compare our results with those obtained from eddy covariance methods, which have been applied in mangroves worldwide, but are scarce in arid environments (e.g., 27 , 95 ). As the gold standard in large-scale carbon flux monitoring 24 , eddy-covariance methods might provide more accurate measurements of canopy-scale ecosystem function than the point-scale gas exchange chamber used herein.…”

“…Also using eddy-covariance methods, 25 , 69 reported carbon assimilation rates in Florida between 2190 and 2759 ton C km −2 yr −1 . 27 reported values of 1451 and 1668 ton C km −2 yr −1 in two different semiarid mangrove stands in the Gulf of California. Studies using eddy-covariance systems benefit from continuous measurements, even at midday, when conditions for taking measurements using gas-exchange chambers are challenging in our study area, particularly in summer, when temperatures often exceed 40° at midday.…”

“…And Avicennia spp. Subhumid 3–7.5 EC 2305 NA 68 Florida, USA Mixed stands of Rhizophora mangle , Laguncularia racemosa and Aviccenia germinans Tropical monsoon 15–20 EC 2190 NA 69 Florida, USA Rhizophora mangle , Laguncularia racemosa and Aviccenia germinans Tropical monsoon NA EC 2759 NA 25 Gulf of California, USA Mixed stands of Rhizophora mangle , Laguncularia racemosa and Aviccenia germinans Dry arid 4 EC 1559.5 NA 27 Coeur de Voh, New Caledonia A. marina Semi-arid 0.6 EC 974 NA 70 Hong Kong A. marina Subtropical monsoonal 6.5 EC 2784 NA 71 Kala Oya, Sri Lanka Mixed stands of B. gymnorrhiza, L. racemose, R. mucronata, A. marina, B. cylindrica, E. agallocha, C. tagal, A. corniculatum Tropical wet 7.11 Point-scale gas exchange chamber ...…”

“…Developing tools and techniques that allow for the determination of carbon assimilated by mangroves throughout the year in a timely and cost-effective manner is needed. Eddy-covariance methods 24 are most commonly used to measure carbon assimilation in mangroves 25 – 27 , but these methods require the deployment of expensive infrastructure, depend on wind conditions and cover relatively small areas. Light attenuation methods to measure carbon assimilation tend to relate the amount of light absorbed by the mangrove canopy to the total canopy chlorophyll content 28 , 29 .…”

Universality of ecological memory for local and global net ecosystem exchange, atmospheric CO2, and sea surface temperature

“…The close relationship of global net ecosystem exchange (GNEE) to sea surface temperature and CO 2 levels had been elucidated in the reports of CO 2 fluxes in semi-arid regions 50,51 , land-atmosphere CO 2 exchanges 52 , and/or in estuarine ecosystems 53 . To help understand their interrelated dynamics we used an analytic framework for stochastic processes with memory.…”