“…To detect trends in the supply of ecosystem services over time, Lautenbach et al [84] examine four indicators related to water quality regulation, food production, outdoor recreation and pollination. Balthazar et al [80] estimate the impacts of forest cover change on ecosystem services using landscape capacities as a proxy, while landscape history is linked to environmental changes and analyzed from the perspective of its effects on ecosystem services by Grunewald and Bastian [85] and Bastian et al [86], who further emphasize the need for sustainable landscape development. Finally, a significant correlation between the drivers of landscape change (e.g., agricultural policy) and ecosystem service indicators is demonstrated by Guerra et al [87].…”
Section: Approaches To Studying Land Use Changes In Mountain Ecosystemsmentioning
Global changes impact the human-environment relationship, and, in particular, they affect the provision of ecosystem services. Mountain ecosystems provide a wide range of such services, but they are highly sensitive and vulnerable to change due to various human pressures and natural processes. We conducted a literature survey that focused on two main issues. The first was the identification of quantitative methods aimed at assessing the impact of land use changes in mountain regions and the related ecosystem services. The second was the analysis of the extent to which the outcomes of these assessments are useful and transferable to stakeholders. We selected papers through a keyword-driven search of the ISI Web of Knowledge and other international databases. The keywords used for the search were mountain land use change and ecosystem service. Quantitative approaches to ecosystem service assessment rely on suitable indicators, therefore land use/land cover can be used as an appropriate proxy. Landscape metrics are a powerful analytical tool; their use can increase the accuracy of assessments and facilitate the mitigation of specific phenomena, such as fragmentation or the reduction of core habitat areas. Mapping is essential: it is the basis for spatial analyzes and eases the interactions between stakeholders. Land use/land cover change is a temporal process, so both past and future approaches are meaningful. It is necessary to enhance information transfer from theory to practice. Increasing stakeholder awareness can lead to suitable management solutions, and, reciprocally, stakeholder feedback can help improve current assessment methodologies and contribute to developing new tools that are suitable for specific problems.
“…To detect trends in the supply of ecosystem services over time, Lautenbach et al [84] examine four indicators related to water quality regulation, food production, outdoor recreation and pollination. Balthazar et al [80] estimate the impacts of forest cover change on ecosystem services using landscape capacities as a proxy, while landscape history is linked to environmental changes and analyzed from the perspective of its effects on ecosystem services by Grunewald and Bastian [85] and Bastian et al [86], who further emphasize the need for sustainable landscape development. Finally, a significant correlation between the drivers of landscape change (e.g., agricultural policy) and ecosystem service indicators is demonstrated by Guerra et al [87].…”
Section: Approaches To Studying Land Use Changes In Mountain Ecosystemsmentioning
Global changes impact the human-environment relationship, and, in particular, they affect the provision of ecosystem services. Mountain ecosystems provide a wide range of such services, but they are highly sensitive and vulnerable to change due to various human pressures and natural processes. We conducted a literature survey that focused on two main issues. The first was the identification of quantitative methods aimed at assessing the impact of land use changes in mountain regions and the related ecosystem services. The second was the analysis of the extent to which the outcomes of these assessments are useful and transferable to stakeholders. We selected papers through a keyword-driven search of the ISI Web of Knowledge and other international databases. The keywords used for the search were mountain land use change and ecosystem service. Quantitative approaches to ecosystem service assessment rely on suitable indicators, therefore land use/land cover can be used as an appropriate proxy. Landscape metrics are a powerful analytical tool; their use can increase the accuracy of assessments and facilitate the mitigation of specific phenomena, such as fragmentation or the reduction of core habitat areas. Mapping is essential: it is the basis for spatial analyzes and eases the interactions between stakeholders. Land use/land cover change is a temporal process, so both past and future approaches are meaningful. It is necessary to enhance information transfer from theory to practice. Increasing stakeholder awareness can lead to suitable management solutions, and, reciprocally, stakeholder feedback can help improve current assessment methodologies and contribute to developing new tools that are suitable for specific problems.
“…Kienast et al (2015) present the framework, tested the indicator set for geographical representativeness, and give recommendations on how to progress. Grunewald and Bastian (2015) describe the human-environmental system dynamics in the German 'Erzgebirge' (Ore Mountains) and related impacts on ecosystem integrity and ecosystem services. They furthermore give suggestions for sustainable landscape management, ecosystem research, indicators, and modelling.…”
Section: C: Case Study Applications For Ecosystem-based Managementmentioning
“…Corresponding logging satisfies the demand for the versatile raw material wood. The production value of raw wood production in Germany is mainly generated from softwood (spruce as "bread tree" of foresters, Grunewald and Bastian, 2015b).…”
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