Ecosystem Analysis and the Governance of Natural Resources

McGlade, Jacqueline

doi:10.1002/9781444311501.ch11

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…In order to believe in the potential of ARs to provide future benefits, stakeholders will likely need help understanding the benefits of ARs. By providing credible information in advance to support what ecosystem services they can expect from the deployment of an AR, stakeholders may be more likely to support AR deployment (McGlade, 1999). AR proponents need to show fishermen and potential funders how ARs may help to protect fish from intensive fisheries, where they can be deployed, as well as showcase that ARs can provide useful services with some degree of tangibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local fishermen’s perceptions of the usefulness of artificial reef ecosystem services in Portugal

Ramos

Lino

Himes‐Cornell

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Proponents of artificial reef (AR) deployment are often motivated by the usefulness of such structures. The usefulness of ARs is related to their capability of providing ecosystem services/additional functions. We present two distinct Portuguese AR case studies: (1) The Nazaré reef off the central coast of Portugal and (2) the Oura reef off the Algarve coast. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with local fishermen in the fishing towns of Nazaré and Quarteira pre-and post-AR deployment. The main focus of the interviews was to understand fishermen’s perception of AR usefulness (or lack thereof) in terms of nine ecosystem services/additional functions potentially provided by the ARs. We tested the null hypothesis that ARs do not provide additional ecosystem services/additional functions. When queried pre-AR deployment, fishermen indicated that ARs are most likely to provide three ecosystem services: “habitat and refuge,” “biodiversity preservation” and “food production.” Fishermen had similar perceptions post-deployment. For the Nazaré reef, fishermen tended to have a positive or neutral perception of ecosystem services/additional functions being provided by ARs. For the Oura reef, fishermen tended to have a mostly neutral perception of AR ecosystem services; however, there were also some positive and other negative perceptions. It was difficult for stakeholders to conceptualize some of the ecosystem services/additional functions provided by ARs prior to actively using them. As a result, some stakeholders changed their perception of the ecosystem services/additional functions after using the structures. These results indicate that stakeholders likely need to perceive ARs as useful in order for them to provide their support for AR installation. Likewise, their support is often needed to justify the use of public funds to install ARs, therefore making it imperative for resource managers to undertake similar interviews with fishermen when considering the use of ARs in other areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local fishermen’s perceptions of the usefulness of artificial reef ecosystem services in Portugal

Ramos

Lino

Himes‐Cornell

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…It is not a synonym of government, but rather signifies the way in which a government operates (McGlade, 1999). There are at least six separate uses for the term including the minimal state, corporate governance, new public management, good governance, socio-cybernetics and selforganizing networks (Rhodes, 1996;McGlade, 2001).…”

Section: Governance Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lack of certainty about how the environment will respond to different impacts is indicative of the pedigree of knowledge in the field (McGlade, 1999). Environmental management is highly interdisciplinary, involving fields of varying states of maturity and with very different practices in their theoretical experiments and social dimension.…”

Section: Future Management Of the Danube Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Governance of transboundary pollution in the Danube River

McGlade

2002

Aquatic Ecosystem Health &Amp; Management

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Two major issues now influence the effective governance of transboundary pollution in major watercourses such as the River Danube: One is institutional responsiveness in light of changes in global politics and the other relates to the dynamics of the river ecosystem itself. As a result of shifts in economic and political activities arising from globalization a new geography is taking shape in which many nation-states have become 'hollowed-out' and unable to deal properly with environmental issues across varying geographic scales. Without strong institutional frameworks and clear leadership, pathological syndromes can flourish, leading to further significant environmental problems and disparities in ecosystem health.Similarly, ecosystems do not exist in a steady state; they constantly react to both external and internal changes in ways that cause sudden, and sometimes dramatic, shifts in their make-up. Changes can occur because of subtle long-term alterations as well as catastrophic events. However, if an ecosystem has a high degree of resilience it may recover from a catastrophic event without any intervention. It is very important to understand whether or not particular ecosystems are or are not likely to recover, so that appropriate contingency planning, especially for transboundary aquatic ecosystems, can be undertaken. However, embedding resilience within current management regimes requires a shift in thinking from operating on an ad hoc basis where ecosystems are treated as static entities to one based on the generic principles of dynamical systems. This paper explores the ramifications of various ecological, legal and social processes on transboundary aquatic system management of the River Danube in central and eastern Europe.

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“…Use of expert systems incorporating "fuzzy logic" are providing useful environmental insights in the ASEAN countries and other parts of the world [40,41,42], and have applications in fishery management and biodiversity conservation. Fuzzy logic operates using a system of generic rules that involves trade-offs between data resolution and computing speed and also has other benefits.…”

Section: Wider Governance Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marine Food Chain in Relation to Biodiversity

Price

2001

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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Biodiversity provides “raw materials” for the food chain and seafood production, and also influences the capacity of ecosystems to perform these and other services. Harvested marine seafood species now exceed 100 million t y -1 and provide about 6% of all protein and 17% of animal protein consumed by humans. These resources include representatives from about nine biologically diverse groups of plants and animals. Fish account for most of the world’s marine catches, of which only 40 species are taken in abundance. Highest primary productivity and the richest fisheries are found within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). This narrow strip (200 nautical mile/370 km wide) is not only the site of coastal “food factories” but also the area associated with heaviest perturbation to the marine environment. Structural redundancy is evident in marine ecosystems, in that many species are interchangeable in the way they characterise assemblage composition. While there is probably functional redundancy within groups, the effects of species loss on ecosystem performance cannot be easily predicted. In particular, the degree to which biodiversity per se is needed for ecosystem services, including seafood/fishery production, is poorly understood. Many human activities, including unsustainable fishing and mariculture, lead to erosion of marine biodiversity. This can undermine the biophysical cornerstones of fisheries and have other undesirable environmental side effects. Of direct concern are “species effects”, in particular the removal of target and non-target fishery species, as well as conservationally important fauna. Equally disrupting but less immediate are “ecosystem effects”, such as fishing down the food web, following a shift from harvested species of high to low trophic level. Physical and biological disturbances from trawl nets and dynamite fishing on coral reefs can also severely impact ecosystem structure and function. “Broadscale” biological and social effects brought about by fishing carry even more far-reaching consequences. For example, fishing itself can change the age at which sexual maturity is reached, thus affecting the reproductive status of the stock. Hence, fishing may be regarded as a mediator of evolution. Social impacts include conflicts over fish prices and policies arising from heavy fishing and inadequate institutional structures. Measures to increase the sustainability of catches and of biodiversity need to be much more tightly coupled. Promising approaches include use of bio-economic indicators and fully protected marine areas. High- and local-level governance options are also examined. Use of expert systems incorporating “fuzzy logic” are providing useful environmental insights in the ASEAN countries and other parts of the world, and have applications in fishery management and biodiversity conservation.

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Ecosystem Analysis and the Governance of Natural Resources

Cited by 7 publications

References 70 publications

Local fishermen’s perceptions of the usefulness of artificial reef ecosystem services in Portugal

Local fishermen’s perceptions of the usefulness of artificial reef ecosystem services in Portugal

Governance of transboundary pollution in the Danube River

The Marine Food Chain in Relation to Biodiversity

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