EcoRI cleavage site variants of mitochondrial DNA molecules from rats.

Buzzo, Karin; Fouts, David L.; Wolstenholme, David R.

doi:10.1073/pnas.75.2.909

Cited by 51 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Rapid intraspecific variation in mitochondrial genotypes has been noted for a number of mammalian species (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). In the majority of these studies, variation was detected by restriction site polymorphism and was explicable by simple gains or losses in sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in a maternal lineage of Holstein cows.

Hauswirth¹,

Laipis²

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

332

164

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Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in a maternal lineage of Holstein cows.

Hauswirth¹,

Laipis²

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

332

164

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“…They do provide, however, evidence for strong paternal bias at the very least. mtDNA is strictly maternally inherited in a wide range of animals, including Homo (14), Equus (15), Rattus (16)(17)(18), Mus (19), Poeciliopsis (20), Xenopus (21), Drosophila (22), and Heliothis (23). In sexual crosses of plants, mtDNA appears to be strictly maternally inherited as well: Zea (24), Hordeum (25), Epilobium (26), Pinus (6), and Triticum (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA are paternally inherited in Sequoia sempervirens D. Don Endl.

1990

Trends in Genetics

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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in controlled crosses were used to infer the mode of inheritance of chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens D. Don Endl.). Chloroplast DNA was paternally inherited, as is true for all other conifers studied thus far. Surprisingly, a restriction fragment length polymorphism detected by a mitochondrial probe was paternally inherited as well. This polymorphism could not be detected in hybridizations with chloroplast probes covering the entire chloroplast genome, thus providing evidence that the mitochondrial probe had not hybridized to chloroplast DNA on the blot. We conclude that mitochondrial DNA is paternally inherited in coast redwood. To our knowledge, paternal inheritance ofmitochondrial DNA in sexual crosses of a multicellular eukaryotic organism has not been previously reported.The mode of inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in gymnosperms has, until recently, been unknown. In angiosperms, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is strictly maternally inherited, whereas chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is strictly maternally or biparentally inherited (reviewed in refs. 1-3). There have been a number of recent investigations of cpDNA inheritance in the Pinaceae ofgymnosperms. cpDNA is strictly paternally inherited in intraspecific crosses of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] (4) as well as in interspecific crosses of Pinus (5, 6), Larix (7), and Picea (8). We are not aware of any reports of strict maternal inheritance of cpDNA in Pinaceae. mtDNA inheritance has been tested in only one member of the Pinaceae, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), in which it was shown to be maternally inherited (6).We have extended our investigation of organelle DNA inheritance to a second family of conifers, the Taxodiaceae. We identified cpDNA and mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) among coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens D. Don Endl.) parent trees and inferred inheritance from intraspecific crosses. cpDNA was paternally inherited in coast redwood, as in Pinaceae, but, surprisingly, mtDNA was paternally inherited as well. We know of no prior reports of paternal inheritance of mtDNA in sexual crosses of a eukaryotic organism. MATERIALS AND METHODSFoliage samples were obtained from parents and offspring of three coast redwood crosses (ARC154 x ARC28, R42 x R49, and R41 x R46) from the Simpson Timber Company, Korbel, CA. Total cellular DNA was isolated from 10 g offresh weight needle tissue by small modifications of the Murray and Thompson (9) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide procedure. DNAs were digested with restriction enzymes, fractionated on agarose gels, and blotted to nylon transfer membranes. Plasmids containing cpDNA inserts from Petunia hybrida (10) were labeled by hick-translation. A purified fragment containing the cytochrome oxidase II gene from maize mtDNA (11) was labeled by random-primer labeling (12). Hybridizations were conducted in 5X SSC (lx SSC = 0.15 M NaClI/15 mM sodium citrate), 50 mM phosphat...

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“…We have obtained such evidence, reported here, by cloning mtDNA in Escherichia coli and by determining the nucleotide sequences of corresponding small fragments of types A and B mtDNA, the two types found in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) population (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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“…The phenomenon of intraspecific mtDNA polymorphism in mammals as detected by restriction endonucleases is well established (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and is proving valuable as an approach to a number of important problems. For example, the discovery of two types of mtDNA in the laboratory rat population (3) was used to conclusively prove the operation of maternal inheritance in mammals (5,6,12,13).…”

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Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism: evidence that variants detected by restriction enzymes differ in nucleotide sequence rather than in methylation.

Castora¹,

Arnheim²,

Simpson³

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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ABSTRACr Restriction enzyme analysis of mtDNAs for the purpose of determining sequence divergence rests on the assumption that variant recognition sites differ with respect to sequence and not methylation. This assumption was tested on two mtDNAs, A and B, which are distributed throughout the laboratory rat population and which can be distinguished by a number of restriction enzymes. (5,6,12,13). Also, the high degree of this intraspecific mtDNA variation in all the species that have been studied, and particularly in Rattus rattus (ref. 11; unpublished data), suggests a rapid rate of evolution for mtDNA, and this has been proposed previously (14,15) in an interspecific comparison of mtDNAs. Thus, the restriction enzyme analysis of this rapidly evolving DNA offers an approach at high resolution to the study of the evolution of closely related species (15) and even of the population genetics within a species (refs. 10 and 11; unpublished data). The valid application of restriction endonuclease studies of mtDNA to these and associated problems rests upon a number of assumptions, two of which are relevant here. One is that the distinction between variant mtDNAs by restriction enzymes results from single base changes rather than from deletions, insertions, or rearrangements. The other is that this distinction is based on differences in nucleotide sequence rather than on differential methylation. The latter process could well play a role in the discrimination among otherwise identical DNA molecules by many bacterial restriction endonucleases, which could act in a manner analogous to their behavior in restriction-modification systems. DNA methylation is a general cellular phenomenon. In animal nuclear DNA, 5-methylcytosine is found (in CpG doublets) as the modified base (16). The detailed nature of the methylation sites of mtDNA is, however, still unsettled (17-20), although the involvement of cytosine is clear. In bacteria, relevant because of the possible prokaryotic origin of mitochondria, the methylation of guanine, adenine, and cytosine is well documented. Moreover, recent studies on the mechanism of maternal inheritance in chloroplasts (21, 22) have brought to light a methylation-restriction enzyme system and have shown that DNA methylation can affect the susceptibility of EcoRI (G-A-A-T-T-C), BamHI (G-G-A-T-C-C), and Hpa II (C-C-G-G) recognition sites to cleavage by these respective enzymes.For these reasons, it was imperative to obtain direct evidence with respect to the nature of the observed variations in nucleotide sequence. We have obtained such evidence, reported here, by cloning mtDNA in Escherichia coli and by determining the nucleotide sequences of corresponding small fragments of types A and B mtDNA, the two types found in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) population (3-8).In addition, certain coding aspects of the sequence are discussed in relation to the evolution of mtDNA. An abstract of these results containing the two sequences has been published (23). Similar conclusions have been publish...

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EcoRI cleavage site variants of mitochondrial DNA molecules from rats.

Cited by 51 publications

References 18 publications

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in a maternal lineage of Holstein cows.

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in a maternal lineage of Holstein cows.

Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA are paternally inherited in Sequoia sempervirens D. Don Endl.

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism: evidence that variants detected by restriction enzymes differ in nucleotide sequence rather than in methylation.

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