Ecophysiology of Urban Trees and Their Management—The North American Experience

Whitlow, Thomas H.; Bassuk, Nina L.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.23.3.542

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The leaves showed a diurnal course of stomatal conductance typical to water stressed plants: the daily maximum was around 8:30, than decreased to the minimum. The observed performance of stomatal conductancecorresponding to Withlow and Bassuk (1988) confirms that the stomatal control is a basic element of water balance strategy of linden cultivars but in this trait the linden (Tilia sp.) species and cultivars performed differently related to the leaf symptoms (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristics of Drought Stressed Linden (Tilia Sp.) Trees

Tóth¹

2015

Appl Ecol Env Res

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The daily course of leaf gas exchange was investigated on six linden cultivars from Tilia cordata Mill., T. platyphyllos Scop., T. tomentosa Moench and T. americana L. After the morning peak rapid stomatal closure was detected on leaves of T. cordata 'Savaria', 'Greenspire' and T. platyphyllos 'Favorit'. The stomatal conductance on leaves of T. tomentosa 'Szeleste' after the midday drop was significantly higher, while highest was on T. americana 'Redmond' leaves during the whole day. The transpiration resulted significant differences in daily water use (T. cordata 'Savaria' and T. platyphyllos 'Favorit': 1.0 kg•m −2 ; T. americana 'Redmond', 2.3 kg•m −2 of leaf area). Due to rapid stomatal closure T. cordata and T. platyphyllos cultivars realized water saving on the cost of strongly reduced carbon gain. Corresponding to their drought and heat adaptability the performance of leaves of T. tomentosa cultivars showed low level stress symptoms, intermediate level of transpiration and carbon gain. T. americana 'Redmond' leaves transpired largest water quantity, which resulted in large water loss and relatively intense stress symptoms. The large cultivar differences in the performance of leaf gas exchange should be considered at evaluation of drought stress adaptability and environmental benefits (CO 2 fixation, O 2 and vapor release) of Tilia cultivars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Linden tends to avoid drought by maintaining low transpiration rates and higher water potential, whereas ash tends to tolerate drought sustaining higher transpiration rate despite decreasing water potential. From the standpoint of the selecting urban use, both water balance strategies are successful (Withlow and Bassuk 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristics of Drought Stressed Linden (Tilia Sp.) Trees

Tóth¹

2015

Appl Ecol Env Res

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“…One approach to finding taxa adapted to cities has been to identify plant communities which possess characteristics in common with the urban environment. Whether such "natural analogs" truly exist is a matter of debate (23,29).…”

Section: Do Natural Settings Possess Urban Character?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual and Management Considerations for the Development of Urban Tree Plantings

Clark¹,

Kjelgren²

1989

AUF

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The development of successful urban tree plantings has at least four critical components: 1) expectations and goals appropriate for cities, 2) an analysis of site-specific environmental conditions, 3) selection of taxa responsive to that set of site conditions and 4) a regular program of management. The issues involved that are both conceptual (such as our attitudes towards trees) and technical (such as the size of a planting space or the level of summer irrigation).

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Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city

Konarska

Holmer

Lindberg

et al. 2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of how vegetation and building geometry influence the spatial distribution of air temperature and nocturnal cooling rates (CR) in a high-latitude city. Intra-urban thermal variations were analysed in two seasons (May-September and November-March) and in different weather conditions (clear, calm and cloudy, windy) in Gothenburg, Sweden. Simultaneous air temperature measurements were conducted for 2 years (2012)(2013) at ten fixed park and street sites characterized by varying type and amount of vegetation, building geometry, openness and surface cover. Several spatial characteristics, including sky view factor (SVF) as well as the cover and volume of buildings and trees, were calculated within circular areas of radii ranging from 10 to 150 m. Spatial characteristics were found to explain air temperature distribution in the studied area to a large extent throughout the day and year, in both clear, calm as well as cloudy, windy conditions. The highest correlations were found for weighted calculation areas accounting for the influence of both nearest (10 m) and wider (25-150 m) surroundings. Park sites remained cooler than built-up areas, with the most pronounced cooling effect (0.8 ∘ C) on clear, calm days of the warm season. The most important factor governing CR around sunset was SVF. However, on clear, calm nights of the warm season, they were also enhanced by vegetation, indicating the influence of evapotranspiration. Minimum night-time air temperature was governed mostly by the presence of buildings. Within the street canyon, a daytime cooling and night-time warming effect of a street tree was observed, particularly in the warm season. The study shows the importance of various spatial characteristics describing openness, amount of vegetation and building geometry in analysing intra-urban variations in daytime and night-time air temperature.

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Ecophysiology of Urban Trees and Their Management—The North American Experience

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristics of Drought Stressed Linden (Tilia Sp.) Trees

Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristics of Drought Stressed Linden (Tilia Sp.) Trees

Conceptual and Management Considerations for the Development of Urban Tree Plantings

Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city

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