Ecophysiology of Campos Rupestres Plants

Oliveira, Rafael S.; Abrahão, Anna; Pereira, Caio Guilherme; Teodoro, Grazielle Sales; Brum, Mauro; Alcantara, Suzana; Lambers, Hans

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29808-5_11

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Neotropical montane grasslands and scrublands include the Andean páramos and punas , which are grasslands dominated by megaphytic Asteraceae species (e.g., giant rosette plants) (Diaz, Péfaur, & Durant, ; Figure e–j), and the Brazilian campos rupestres and campos de altitude , which are dominated by small sclerophyllous trees and shrubs interspersed in a matrix of grasses and sedges (Oliveira et al, ). In this section, we further describe how the combination of elevation, latitude, and local climate interact to influence the distribution of these vegetation types, plant functional traits, and the transition between forest and grassland ecosystems.…”

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetation growth is strongly influenced by water availability and soil properties. During the dry season, the shallow soils dry out and vapour pressure deficit increases, creating more stressful conditions for plant growth and survival (Oliveira et al, ) and favouring perennial plants with very slow growth rates. Campos rupestres show the greatest degree of seasonality in precipitation among tropical montane ecosystems and, in this environment, plants use a wide range of strategies to cope with drought (Oliveira et al, ).…”

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the dry season, the shallow soils dry out and vapour pressure deficit increases, creating more stressful conditions for plant growth and survival (Oliveira et al, ) and favouring perennial plants with very slow growth rates. Campos rupestres show the greatest degree of seasonality in precipitation among tropical montane ecosystems and, in this environment, plants use a wide range of strategies to cope with drought (Oliveira et al, ). These plants have morphological and physiological adaptations to improve water and nutrient acquisition, including drought‐tolerant, drought‐avoiding, and desiccation‐tolerant strategies (Castro, Silveira, Marcato, & Lemos‐Filho, ; Jacobi, Carmo, Vincent, & Stehmann, ; Oliveira et al, ; Porembski & Barthlott, ; Vitarelli, Riina, Cassino, & Meira, ).…”

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Campos rupestres show the greatest degree of seasonality in precipitation among tropical montane ecosystems and, in this environment, plants use a wide range of strategies to cope with drought (Oliveira et al, ). These plants have morphological and physiological adaptations to improve water and nutrient acquisition, including drought‐tolerant, drought‐avoiding, and desiccation‐tolerant strategies (Castro, Silveira, Marcato, & Lemos‐Filho, ; Jacobi, Carmo, Vincent, & Stehmann, ; Oliveira et al, ; Porembski & Barthlott, ; Vitarelli, Riina, Cassino, & Meira, ). Drought‐tolerant species in campos rupestres deal with drought by maintaining metabolism and cell turgor through regulatory mechanisms, such as strong stomata control over water loss.…”

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

et al. 2018

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Montane ecosystems are known for their high numbers of endemic species, unique climate conditions, and wide variety of ecosystem services such as water supply and carbon storage. Although many ecohydrological and climatic studies of montane environments have been carried out in temperate and boreal regions, few have been done in Neotropical regions. Hence, the objective of this review is to synthesize the existing literature on the main factors (biotic and abiotic) that influence vegetation distribution, functional traits, and ecohydrological processes and feedbacks in tropical montane ecosystems and to identify key knowledge gaps. Most of the literature used includes work conducted in Neotropical montane rainforests, cloud forests, and grass/scrublands (e.g., páramos, punas, and campos de altitude/rupestres). Fog is a major climatic attribute in tropical montane habitats. We found that fog regimes (frequency and intensity of fog events) influence both water inputs (i.e., canopy interception and foliar water uptake) and outputs (evapotranspiration) and represent an important driver of local species composition, dominance of plant functional types, and ecological functioning. The stability and conservation of tropical montane ecosystems depends on such ecohydrological fluxes, which are sensitive to increases in air temperature and changing precipitation and fog regimes. Furthermore, to better inform effective conservation and restoration strategies, more work is needed to elucidate how key ecohydrological processes are affected by land use conversion to agriculture and pasture lands, as human activities influence the water budgets in Neotropical montane watersheds not only at regional‐scales but also globally.

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Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

et al. 2018

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“…The reference grasslands are oligotrophic, with low phosphorus and potassium supply (Benites et al ; Le Stradic et al ; Silveira et al ). Plant species are thus already adapted to constrained environmental conditions (Negreiros et al ), have developed efficient systems that minimize nutrient loss and optimize resource acquisition, and they are able to accumulate reserves (Abrahão et al ; Oliveira et al , ). We therefore expected plant species from reference grasslands to establish, even at sites with nonoptimal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No recovery of campo rupestre grasslands after gravel extraction: implications for conservation and restoration

Stradic

Fernandes

Buisson

2018

Restoration Ecology

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Old‐growth grasslands, including savannas and tropical grasslands, need centuries to assemble; they are therefore expected to have low resilience to anthropogenic activities that disturb the soil (e.g. cultivation, quarrying, mining, etc.). Understanding which parameters restrict the natural recovery of degraded ecosystems is a major prerequisite for planning an effective restoration program. This study was designed to evaluate the recovery of an old‐growth grassland, the campo rupestre, after a major disturbance: gravel extraction. In 2010 (i.e. 8 years after the degradation), we analyzed soil characteristics, seed bank, and vegetation composition in degraded sites consisting of sandy or gravel substrates, as well as in reference sites of sandy and gravel grasslands. At degraded sites, soils contained lower concentrations of the main nutrients, and seed banks consisted mainly of nontarget species. Seed banks of reference grasslands were poor in species and in seeds. Eight years after the degradation, plant communities at degraded sites were still very different from those at the reference sites, with ruderals and almost no target species. Altered soil conditions, low capacity of campo rupestre species to form seed banks, and the probable restriction of seed dispersal from the target species in nearby campo rupestre considerably limited the establishment of campo rupestre plant communities in degraded areas. Time is essential for old‐growth grassland assemblage and, even with the presence of a propagule source in the surroundings, the assembly of campo rupestre plant communities in degraded sites will take centuries. Therefore, human intervention is necessary to rapidly reestablish the main species.

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Evolutionary lability in floral ontogeny affects pollination biology in Trimezieae

Lovo

Alcantara

Vasconcelos

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time. METHODS:We examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types.RESULTS: All Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals.CONCLUSIONS: Heterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen-collecting bees only.

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Ecophysiology of Campos Rupestres Plants

Cited by 36 publications

References 188 publications

Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

No recovery of campo rupestre grasslands after gravel extraction: implications for conservation and restoration

Evolutionary lability in floral ontogeny affects pollination biology in Trimezieae

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