Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor

Urban Rituals in Sacred Landscapes in Hellenistic Asia Minor

“…Another is Kastabala, which outwardly took the name of Hierapolis, minted on coins of the second and first centuries BC with the title hiera kai asylos ('sacred and inviolate'), while inwardly maintaining its indigenous character; Boffo (1985), 54-60. 108 Dignas (2002a), 224: "As far as the political and economic role of the cults is concerned, this study challenges the sharp distinction between the civic sanctuaries and the religious centres commonly labelled as indigenous, rural, or non-Hellenized." In her fourth chapter she further discusses how the different 'types' of sanctuaries fit in with her basic model.…”

“…22 Boffo (1985) I re ellenistici e i centri religiosi dell' Asia minore, Pisa, dividing the roles into several categories. Dignas (2002a) Economy of the sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Oxford interprets temple autonomy in ways reminiscent of Ramsay's model. These studies are discussed in Chapter 2.…”

“…At the same time, it provided the opportunity for them to host major inter-urban festivals, drawing on the wider Greek community, and thereby putting their city on the map.114 110 Instead her own study "suggests that the complete osmosis between city and religious life did not exist at any time and it emphasizes patterns of behavior illustrating a lack of identity between cities and cults," Dignas (2002a), 8. 111 Dignas (2002a), 9-10. 112 Dignas (2002a), 243, referring to a pre-published version of van Bremen (2004b.…”

“…The nature of priesthood is a touchstone for the degree to which a shrine is integrated with civic institutions, but it should also be considered within the overall context of its cult, along with its shrine, its festivals and rituals, and especially the social fabric that supported it. 153 Discussed in Debord (1982), 147-148, Robert andRobert (1954), cases to support her argument of the general independence and authority of sanctuaries and their priests, Dignas (2002a), 67-69, discussed below; these both seem to be highly exceptional cases, however, and it is difficult to see how representative they might have been of a wider undercurrent. 154 Debord also notes the potential for clashes with the Greek system of administration, but views these cases as exceptions to the rule of harmonious transitions rather than indicative of a wider trend, Debord (2011), 144-145.…”

“…The Olympichos dossier, discussed further below, has since been expanded with I.Labraunda 134; Isager and Karlsson (2008); Isager (2011), and I.Labraunda 137, Carless Unwin and Henry (2016) and van Bremen (2016. Several interpretations on the autonomy of sanctuaries discussed in Chapter 2 are based in part on this dossier, Debord (1982), Dignas (2002a), Boffo (1985). 64…”