Economies in the use of animal by-products in poultry rations I. Vitamin and amino-acid provision for starting and growing chicks

Abstract

1. Chicks from commercial sources were housed intensively and fed on a series of rations containing decorticated extracted groundnut meal as the main supplementary source of protein, with and without additions of animal by-products and aureomycin. Parallel groups received rations conforming to Government regulations in their content of sources of animal protein.2. Growth and feed efficiency up to point of lay were as good in groups fed on all-vegetable rations, containing 18% of crude protein in the starting ration and 16% in the growing ration, as in groups fed on regulation rations of the same protein content.3. Performance on the all-vegetable ration up to 6 weeks of age was not as good as on the regulation ration. This inferiority could be largely or wholly corrected by adding extra groundnut meal and condensed fish solubles to the ration. Growth and feed efficiency over the whole rearing period were not improved by the addition of these supplements.4. Addition of aureomycin stimulated growth over the whole rearing period but failed to improve feed efficiency.5. Protein levels in the ration, the provision of animal protein factor(s) and aureomycin were without effect on the age at which laying began.6. Current estimates of the chick's requirement for certain amino-acids appeared to be too high when this type of ration was used.7. The addition of riboflavin to these starting rations was essential. When this was done mortality was low, leg weakness absent and feathering rate normal.

Economies in Pig and Poultry Feeding

“…Such all-plant rations will also lack vitamin B,, and any other postulated animal protein factors. I n our experience, with groundnut-supplemented rations, this lack will have no deleterious effect on the laying of table eggs or more than a transitory effect in slowing the growth of the chick if it carries when hatched a normal body reserve of vitamin B,, (Carpenter & Duckworth, 1951a;Carpenter, Duckworth & Ellinger, 1954). Vitamin B,, is important for maintaining normal hatchability of eggs, but to a less extent under British than under American conditions where large amounts of soya-bean meal are fed, which raise the vitamin B,, requirement (Carpenter & Duckworth, 1951b;Shrimpton, 1953).…”

“…Chicks reared on starting rations (18% protein) and growing rations (16% protein) in which all the protein was of plant origin came into lay at the same time and at the same live weight as birds reared on rations containing animal by-products (Carpenter & Duckworth, 1951a), with no impairment of subsequent egg production (Carpenter, Duckworth & Ellinger, 1954).…”

Hasse diagrams as a visual aid for linear models and analysis of variance

“…Example 5 (Chicken Feed) Bailey (2008, Chapter 5) gives a small subset of data taken from a larger set given by Carpenter and Duckworth (1941). The experiment is about…”

Economies in the use of animal by-products in poultry rations: II. Vitamin and amino-acid provision for laying hens

“…This experiment is a continuation of the Third Experiment of Part I of this series of papers where the methods of management and feeding from hatching to 25 weeks of age were described (Carpenter & Duckworth, 1951a) and the numbering of experiments is being continued from that paper. The chicks used in this experiment were of a strain of Buff Rocks with a tendency to broodiness and were chosen on the assumption that any hormonal influence of aureomycin on egg production and broodiness might be intensified in such birds.…”