Economics of rotation and tillage systems for the Dark Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies

Zentner, R. P.; Brandt, S.A.; Kirkland, K. J.; Campbell, Carol; Sonntag, G.

doi:10.1016/0167-1987(92)90092-p

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Utilization of soil water enhancement techniques, such as snowtrapping and direct seeding, will allow producers to extend crop rotations. Extended rotations and direct seeding are the key to improved economics and crop productivity and preservation of soil quality in semiarid regions (Zentner et al 1992). Where green manuring is practised, lentil trap strips would be the preferred management system, because; they do not require additional field operations to establish; alternative methods involving seeding after incorporation like mustard trap strips may fail due to poor establishment; and incorporation alone may leave the soil susceptible to wind erosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management practices for black lentil green manure for the semi-arid Canadian prairies

Brandt¹

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Brandt, S. A. 1999. Management practices for black lentil green manure for the semi-arid Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 11-17. Previous research with lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) green manure in the semiarid prairies of western Canada has indicated that water use by the green manure crop often reduces grain yield of the succeeding cereal crop compared to those obtained after conventional summerfallow. In this study, we evaluated several green manure management practices that have potential to trap snow and enhance overwinter soil water recharge. These practices included: using herbicides to halt the growth of the green manure crop thus eliminating the need for soil incorporation, planting mustard (Sinapis alba L.) strips after incorporation, and leaving standing strips of non-incorporated lentil. Our results showed that none of the green manure management strategies increased wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield or grain protein concentration compared to wheat grown on conventional summerfallow. Leaving strips of standing lentil during bud stage incorporation provided barriers for wind erosion protection, while not decreasing wheat yield or protein content. Glyphosate or 2,4-D amine applied at bud stage of the lentil, and without soil incorporation, reduced available soil N. However, 2,4-D did not halt plant growth and water use quickly enough to avoid reducing yield of the succeeding wheat crop, while glyphosate generally halted water use more rapidly. The inability of the green manure management strategies to increase wheat yields over that obtained from conventional summerfallow was because the soil rooting zone is typically filled to capacity with water by this latter practice under the prevailing soil and climatic conditions. If green manuring is practised, early incorporation with lentil leave strips is the most promising management system. However, even with improved water management practices, green manuring did not demonstrate a consistent advantage over summerfallow, which may be required to offset the added economic costs required to enact this practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management practices for black lentil green manure for the semi-arid Canadian prairies

Brandt¹

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Producers in the Great Plains are increasingly moving to reduced tillage using one-pass seeding and fertilizing systems to minimize soil disturbance and improve economics of production (Zentner et al 1992(Zentner et al , 2002a. Flax responds well to reduced tillage management (Lafond et al 1992;Derksen et al 1996;Lafond and Derksen 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen source and placement effects on stand density, pasmo severity, seed yield, and quality of no-till flax

et al. 2016

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Field studies were conducted at two locations in western Manitoba over three years to evaluate the impact of rate, source, and placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on seedling emergence, disease severity, crop yield, and seed quality of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers were applied at 0, 30, 60, and 90 g N ha −1 , pre-plant banded or side-banded 2.5 m to the side and 2.5 m below the seed-row, using a hoe-type opener with 20 m row spacing. Differences in stand emergence occurred from year to year, depending on the moisture conditions after seeding. Nitrogen fertilizer occasionally decreased stand density when side-banded, with effects being greatest with urea and UAN. The magnitude of stand decrease was generally low, although it may have restricted seed yield with high rates of urea fertilization in some years. Nitrogen applications frequently increased leaf and stem pasmo, but the effects of fertilizer source and placement were variable. Seed yield increased with N application except at a single site where soil N levels were high. Where differences existed among sources, yield was generally lower with urea than with the other sources, possibly related to seedling damage from the urea at higher rates of application, or to physiological effects of high ammonia:nitrate ratio nutrition during early growth. Seed quality for oil production tended to decline with increasing N applications due to lower oil concentration, lower iodine number, and a decrease in the concentration of high-quality linolenic and linoleic fatty acids. However, seed protein concentration increased with increasing N concentration. While risk of seedling damage and pasmo may increase with increasing levels of N fertilizer, either side-banded or pre-plant banded N applications still resulted in increased flaxseed yield. However, increasing N rate slightly decreased quality for oil production.Key words: ammonia toxicity, linseed, fatty acid profile, ALA.Résumé : Trois années durant, les auteurs ont poursuivi une étude sur le terrain à deux endroits, dans l'ouest du Manitoba, en vue d'évaluer les répercussions du taux d'application, de la nature et de la méthode d'application des engrais azotés (N) sur la levée, la gravité de la maladie, le rendement et la qualité des semences du lin (Linum usitatissimum L.). Des engrais à base d'urée, d'urée combinée au nitrate d'ammonium (UNA) et de nitrate d'ammonium (NA) ont été appliqués à raison de 0, 30, 60 et 90 kg de N par hectare en bande avant les semis ou en bande latérale, 2,5 cm à côté de la planche de semis et 2,5 cm sous celle-ci, au moyen d'un traceur de sillon à disque, sur des rangs espacés de 20 cm. La levée varie d'une année à l'autre, selon le degré d'humidité relevé après les semis. Lorsqu'on l'applique en bande latérale, l'engrais azoté diminue parfois la densité du peuplement, l'effet étant plus important avec l'urée et l'UNA. L'importance de cette baisse demeure néanmoins généralement faible, même si elle a pu...

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“…Growers on the Canadian prairies also are adopting more diverse crop rotations to improve soil quality, manage pests, and increase the economic return on their farms (Brandt 1992;Zentner et al 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

Blackshaw¹,

Larney²,

Lindwall³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2001. Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 805-813. Development of improved weed management systems requires more knowledge on how various weed species respond to changing agronomic practices. A long-term study was conducted to determine weed population responses to various tillage intensities and crop rotations in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dominated cropping system. Weed density and species composition differed with tillage, rotation, year, and date of sampling within years. Weed community dynamics were most affected by year-to-year differences in environmental conditions, followed by crop rotation, and then tillage intensity. and its use in canola resulted in an increase in these species in a winter wheat-canola rotation. Total weed densities were often greater in zero tillage than in either minimum or conventional tillage. Russian thistle, downy brome, kochia, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were associated with zero tillage while wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), flixweed, and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were associated with conventional tillage. Perennials such as dandelion and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) were associated with zero tillage but Canada thistle was associated with conventional tillage. Information will be utilized to implement more effective weed management programs in winter wheat production systems. . L'utilisation de cet herbicide dans les cultures de canola augmente la densité des peuplements de ces espèces dans l'assolement blé d'hiver-canola. En général, les adventices sont souvent plus nombreuses quand on ne travaille pas le sol que lorsqu'on le travaille un peu ou normalement. La soude roulante, B. tectorum, le kochia à balais et l'amarante racine rouge (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) affectionnent les champs non travaillés tandis que la vrillée bâtarde (Polygonum convolvulus L.), le chénopode blanc (Chenopodum album L.), le sisymbre sagesse et la moutarde sauvage (Sinapis arvensis L.) préfèrent les terrains remués de la manière habituelle. Les vivaces comme le pissenlit et le laiteron des champs (Sonchus arvensis L.) sont associés au non-travail du sol, mais le chardon des champs se retrouve là où on retourne la terre. Les données de l'étude serviront à élaborer des programmes de lutte contre les mauvaises herbes plus efficaces pour la production du blé d'hiver.

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Economics of rotation and tillage systems for the Dark Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Management practices for black lentil green manure for the semi-arid Canadian prairies

Management practices for black lentil green manure for the semi-arid Canadian prairies

Nitrogen source and placement effects on stand density, pasmo severity, seed yield, and quality of no-till flax

Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

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