Economics of Forest Carbon Sequestration

Kooten, G. Cornelis van; Johnston, Craig M.T.; Xu, Zhenming

doi:10.4324/9780203105290.ch16

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, the prices of agricultural commodities are determined by the marginal cost of production on the lowest quality (i.e., lowest productivity) land. The owners of higher quality land earn differential rents and can command a higher price for their land (Van Kooten and Folmer, 2004).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Amazonian frontier: Land values in Rondônia, Brazil

Sills

Caviglia‐Harris

2009

Land Use Policy

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Amazonian frontier: Land values in Rondônia, Brazil

Sills

Caviglia‐Harris

2009

Land Use Policy

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“…1 Besides its role as such ecosystems and biospheres worthy of protection, forests also play an important economic role for business sectors such as the building and furniture construction industry or paper manufacturing. 2,3 However, the progressing climate change acts, amongst other impacts like human clearing of forests, as a main stressor on the well-being of forest ecosystems. In fact, recent studies predict climate change imposing an increasing risk on forests all around the globe due to the occurrence of windstorms, droughts, heavy snow loads, wildfires, major insect pests and pathogens of trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining multispectral UAV-borne and terrestrial point cloud data for time-saving forest inventory using artificial intelligence

Kammel¹,

Rathmann²,

Schmitt³

et al. 2023

Multimodal Sensing and Artificial Intelligence: Technologies and Applications III

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For both economic and research purposes, accurate information on forest composition, and the amount of dead wood is of paramount importance. It is not only important to know the biomass and the distribution of tree species but also to detect vermin and diseases to assess the health of a forest. Performing such inventory accurately with conventional methods of surveying (e.g., terrestrial laser scanners) is very labor and time-consuming as forests can be very dense, thus requiring many setups with a terrestrial laser scanner. We present an innovative approach for forest inventory combining UAV-borne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), multispectral aerial imagery, and terrestrial point cloud data measured with a handheld laser scanner. For such multi-sensor measurement campaigns, however, reliable extraction of forest parameters such as canopy height, the diameter at breast height (DBH), deadwood volumes, etc., strongly relies on the quality of sensor data fusion. Especially in dense forests, the GNSS signal, which is necessary for georeferencing the point clouds, can be very weak. However, terrestrial laser scans can capture much more information underneath the forest canopy which is partly obscured to the airborne data. To circumvent this mismatch, we propose an easily adaptable two-step workflow for fusing the directly georeferenced airborne LiDAR point clouds with the corresponding multi-spectral photogrammetric data and their unreferenced terrestrial counterparts. In the first step of the processing chain, individual terrestrial scans of the forest are coregistered using spherical laser targets located above exactly measured reference points. Secondly, these coarsely coregistered scans are then combined with the georeferenced airborne point clouds using control points. This is especially challenging as forests are very unstructured environments, and in addition, typical SLAM-features such as leaves, and branches tend to move. The result of this procedure are radiometrically enhanced 3D point clouds containing detailed information about the forest structure above and underneath its canopy. This provides a versatile basis for further processing such as tree species recognition, e.g., using convolutional neural networks. We demonstrate the applicability of the workflow on recent data sets measured in Landshut (Bavaria, Germany) under leaf-on and leaf-off condition.

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The Economics of Forest Carbon Offsets

Kooten

Johnston

2016

Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ.

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Annually, nearly 500 gigatonnes of CO2 are exchanged between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, and this exchange is clearly affected by human activities related to the Earth's forests. Governments are therefore willing to draft legislation incentivizing forest activities that sequester carbon to combat climate change. In this review, we examine issues related to the creation of carbon offset credits through forest conservation, burning of wood biomass in lieu of fossil fuels, and intensive commercial management that accounts for all carbon fluxes, including postharvest. In doing so, we study the costs of monitoring, measuring, and contracting; the principal-agent problem; and questions related to life cycle analyses of CO2. We can only conclude that greater care is likely needed in the future to identify carbon offsets from forestry activities if these are to be traded in emissions markets.

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Economics of Forest Carbon Sequestration

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Evolution of the Amazonian frontier: Land values in Rondônia, Brazil

Evolution of the Amazonian frontier: Land values in Rondônia, Brazil

Combining multispectral UAV-borne and terrestrial point cloud data for time-saving forest inventory using artificial intelligence

The Economics of Forest Carbon Offsets

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