Economics of Direct Seeding and Planting for Establishing Oak Stands on Old-Field Sites in the South

Bullard, Steven H; Hodges, John D.; Johnson, Robert L.; Straka, Thomas J.

doi:10.1093/sjaf/16.1.34

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Direct seeding is considerably less expensive than planting seedlings (Bullard et al 1991), and I believe it is also more likely to result in a diverse forest. Direct seeding has been shown to result in slower initial growth than planting seedlings (Allen 1990;Wittwer 1991), which lengthens the time to crown closure and should therefore afford invaders a greater opportunity to become established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods and the Issue of Woody Species Diversity

Allen

1997

Restoration Ecology

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Bottomland hardwood forests in the southcentral United States have been cleared extensively for agriculture, and many of the remaining forests are fragmented and degraded. During the last decade, however, approximately 75,000 ha of land—mainly agricultural fields—have been replanted or contracted for replanting, with many more acres likely to be reforested in the near future. The approach used in most reforestation projects to date has been to plant one to three overstory tree species, usually Quercus spp. (oaks), and to rely on natural dispersal for the establishment of other woody species. I critique this practice by two means. First, a brief literature review demonstrates that moderately high woody species diversity occurs in natural bottomland hardwood forests in the region. This review, which relates diversity to site characteristics, serves as a basis for comparison with stands established by means of current reforestation practices. Second, I reevaluate data on the invasion of woody species from an earlier study of 10 reforestation projects in Mississippi, with the goal of assessing the likelihood that stands with high woody species diversity will develop. I show that natural invasion cannot always be counted on to produce a diverse stand, particularly on sites more than about 60 m from an existing forest edge. I then make several recommendations for altering current reforestation practices in order to establish stands with greater woody species diversity, a more natural appearance, and a more positive environmental impact at scales larger than individual sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods and the Issue of Woody Species Diversity

Allen

1997

Restoration Ecology

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“…It is typically performed using commercial seed mixtures. With respect to the tree and shrub layers, seeding generally do not regenerate rapidly from seeds or may be subjected to other factors such as climatic conditions or the germination process (Bullard et al, 1992;Madsen & Löf, 2005). Transplantation requires more intensive efforts, but fresh plant clippings may accelerate the development of vegetation (Kirmer & Mahn, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Limestone Quarries: Hayseed, Commercial Seed Mixture or Spontaneous Succession?

et al. 2013

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The main goal of quarry restoration is to convert degraded, unproductive areas into new, self‐sustaining ecosystems that develop into highly natural environments. With the aim to individuate the best practices for restoring limestone quarries, we investigated the short‐term effects on vegetation features and economic advantages of three restoration approaches. These approaches included tree and shrub planting, no herb layer, or a commercial seed mixture or hayseed. The different approaches were tested in a limestone quarry within the Botticino extractive basin (N‐Italy). A donor grassland area of hayseed and a quarry area that had undergone spontaneous revegetation over a decade were used as control areas. We surveyed the vegetation plots to investigate the structure and the productivity of the herbaceous layers; collecting data on plant species cover, the mean plant height, the tree and shrubs mortality and biomass enabled us to perform gradient analysis. The main differences between the sites were due to biotic factors; specifically, vegetation cover was affected quite differently by the different restoration approaches. Restoration with commercial seed mixture resulted primarily in dense stands of Lolium perenne that caused an increase in shrub and tree mortality. Cost–benefit analysis showed that despite hayseed being the most expensive approach in terms of cost and time, it ensured higher species diversity, vegetation structure and greening. Our results highlighted that autochthonous plant materials can improve excavation‐areas restoration by both contrasting the colonisation of non‐native species and increasing natural regeneration and biodiversity levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…This method is expensive and the costs tend to increase considerably for a period of two and three years thereafter (Brofas et al, 2000). On the other hand direct seeding, where possible, gives results at lower costs (Bullard et al, 1992;Foletti, 1994), and planting shock due to transplanting and adaptation is avoided. While there is little experience from Greece as far as it is known, in Australia, the United States and elsewhere direct seeding of trees and shrubs is sometimes used for rehabilitation of areas disturbed by mining and other activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revegetation of mining spoils by seeding of woody species on Ghiona Mountain, central Greece

Brofas¹,

Karetsos²

2002

Land Degrad Dev

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The reforestation potential of calcareous bauxite mining spoils by seeding was examined on experimental plot established at Strofi Koukouvista 5, Mount Ghiona in Central Greece. The experiment consists of three species (Pinus nigra, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Spartium junceum) with four sowing treatments and two sowing seasons (autumn and spring). The treatments were: broadcasting (B); broadcasting and soil cultivation (BC); broadcasting with straw mulching and straw binding with asphalt emulsion (BM); broadcasting with soil cultivation, straw mulching and straw binding with asphalt emulsion (BCM). In all cases sowing in spring was better than in autumn. Only Spartium junceum has germinated and survived in autumn, but less than in spring. The most effective treatments for Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus nigra are BM and BCM while for Spartium junceum even simple broadcasting shows good results although the best are achieved with treatments BC, BM and BCM. The findings show that reforestation by sowing could be effective for some species, but further experimentation with other species and methods is recommended.

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Economics of Direct Seeding and Planting for Establishing Oak Stands on Old-Field Sites in the South

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Reforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods and the Issue of Woody Species Diversity

Reforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods and the Issue of Woody Species Diversity

Restoring Limestone Quarries: Hayseed, Commercial Seed Mixture or Spontaneous Succession?

Revegetation of mining spoils by seeding of woody species on Ghiona Mountain, central Greece

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