Economic uncertainty and suicide in the United States

Vandoros, Sotiris; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00770-4

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…One aspect of particular importance when assessing mental health outcomes is suicidality, a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon [ 6 ]. Elevated rates of suicidality have been linked to unemployment [ 7 ], homelessness [ 8 ], uncertain economic situation [ 9 ], loneliness [ 10 ] and to stressful life events [ 11 ], which have increased during the Covid-19 pandemic [ 12 ]. A study focusing on suicidal ideation in the general population of the UK found elevated levels, which increased over the first three infection waves of the pandemic [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidality in psychiatric emergency department situations during the first and the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic

Kippe

Adam²,

Finck³

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Psychiatric patients are prone to mental health deterioration during the Covid-19 pandemic. Little is known about suicidality in psychiatric patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study is a retrospective chart review of psychiatric emergency department (pED) presentations with present or absent suicidality (5634 pED attendances, 4110 patients) in an academic pED in Berlin, Germany. Poisson regression analysis was performed on the effect of Covid-19 period on suicidality (suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plans (SP) or suicide attempt (SA)) during the first (3/2/2020–5/24/2020 “first-wave”) and second (9/15/2020–3/1/2021 “second-wave”) wave of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the same periods one year earlier. During the first-wave the number of pED visits per person with SI, SP and SA was higher compared to one year earlier (SI RR = 1.614; p = 0.016; SP RR = 2.900; p = 0.004; SA RR = 9.862; p = 0.003). SI and SP were predicted by interaction between substance use disorder (SUD) and second-wave (SI RR = 1.305, p = 0.043; SP RR = 1.645, p = 0.018), SA was predicted by interaction between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and second-wave (RR = 7.128; p = 0.012). Suicidality increased during the first-wave of Covid-19 pandemic in our sample. In the second-wave this was found in patients with SUD and BPD. These patients may be at particular risk of suicidality during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidality in psychiatric emergency department situations during the first and the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic

Kippe

Adam²,

Finck³

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That knowledge is essential for developing programs that reduce intentional self-harm, but the current literature is inconsistent, and the past’s conventional wisdom may not comport with the present’s reality. For example, although multiple studies suggest a correspondence between unemployment and suicide, others indicate that the link is weak to absent [ 52 , 53 ], is inconsistent [ 54 ], or merely coincides with other factors that are the actual cause, such as repeated exposure to bad economic news [ 55 ] and stock market volatility [ 56 ]. Research on the interaction between suicide and other diseases of despair, especially opioid and other drug overdoses, would also improve mental health program design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can additional funding improve mental health outcomes? Evidence from a synthetic control analysis of California’s millionaire tax

Thom

2022

PLoS ONE

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California is the only one of its peers with a state-wide tax earmarked for mental health programs. The voter-approved levy applies to personal income above $1 million and has generated over $20 billion since 2005. But whether the additional funding improved population mental health remains unknown. This study applies the synthetic control method to the CDC’s National Vital Statistics System data to determine how the tax affected suicide deaths in California. Findings show that the state’s suicide mortality rate increased more gradually after the tax’s implementation than it would have otherwise. By 2019, the cumulative impact was approximately 5,500 avoided deaths. Multiple robustness and sensitivity checks confirm that result. However, the effect did not appear immediately, nor was it present within all demographic groups. Nevertheless, additional revenue was associated with improved mental health in California. Other governments may likewise yield beneficial outcomes.

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“…Results of their study generally confirm previous related findings (Chang et al , 2013; Blasco-Fontecilla et al , 2012; Andres, 2005) that economic crisis increases suicide cases. Vandoros and Kawachi (2021) focused on the impact of economic uncertainty on suicide rates in the USA using monthly data from 2000 to 2017 and by using panel data econometric approach. They found that economic uncertainty increases suicide rates.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide rates and institutional quality in an emerging country

Saad

2022

JGR

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between suicide rates and institutional quality. Design/methodology/approach This study used autoregressive distributed lag model and error correction model to examine short-run and long-run relationships during 1996–2017 in Lebanon. Findings The study shows that in the long-run, suicide rates are significantly associated to the control of corruption, voice and accountability and rule of law, but not to regulatory quality, political stability and government efficiency. In the short-run, nearly all variables of institutional quality have a negative and significant relationship to suicide rates. Results are discussed in detail. Originality/value This research is the first to inspect the relation between the quality of institutions and suicide rates. Empirical results of this study add new evidence to the literature and provide support to policymakers.

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Economic uncertainty and suicide in the United States

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

Suicidality in psychiatric emergency department situations during the first and the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic

Suicidality in psychiatric emergency department situations during the first and the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic

Can additional funding improve mental health outcomes? Evidence from a synthetic control analysis of California’s millionaire tax

Suicide rates and institutional quality in an emerging country

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