Economic threshold revision of the Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) on wheat in Southeastern Anatolia Region

Abstract

SummaryThe Sunn Pest is the most important insect pest wheat and barley in Turkey. In order to revise the economic threshold (ET) for the pest, the average plant number, kernel number in each spike, nymphs and new-generation adults (NGAs) density, and the percent kernel damage caused by nymphs plus NGAs in per square meter were determined in wheat fields sampled. Studies were conducted in 20 insecticide-free bread and durum wheat fields which have at least 5 da. in Diyarbakir province from 2004 to 2008. The binary logistic regression was used to signify the effect of spikes, kernels, nymphs and new-generation adults (NGAs) density, and kernel damage on ET. At the end of the study, average plant per m 2 , kernels in each spike, over ed adult density, nymph plus new-generation adult density, and percent kernel damages were between 173.7 and 910.0 11.0 and 41.4, 0.7 and 3.7 per m², 5.7 and 114 per m², and 0.4 and 55.4%, respectively. The yield lost caused by feeding of OWAs and kernel damage due to feeding of nymph plus NGAs ranged from -89.1 to 145.3 g/m². There was no correlation between yields from sprayed and unsprayed fields. The sedimentation values were between 8 and 35, and 9 and 50 for Zeleny and incubated sedimentations, respectively. Economic damage threshold for South East Anatolia Region were around 8, 10, and 12 nymphs plus NGAs per square meter, when plant number is between 350-460 in per square meter, constant kernel number in each spike (average 26), 3.5% kernel damage tolerance limit. Hovever these numbers could be higher or lower depending on plant number, number kernels of spike and number of nymphs in m².Key words: Economic threshold, kernel damage, sunn pest, wheat, Southeastern Anatolia Region Özet Süne Türkiye'de buğday ve arpanın en önemli zararlısıdır. Sünenin ekonomik zarar eşiğini revize etmek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada buğday alanlarında, metre karedeki ortalama bitki sayısı, başaktaki tane sayısı, nimf ve yeni nesil ergin yoğunluğu ile bunlardan kaynaklanan tanelerdeki yüzde ağırlık kaybı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar Diyarbakır ilinde kimyasal uygulanmamış ve en az 5 dekarlık olan 20 ekmeklik ve makarnalık çeşitlerde 2004-2008 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Nimf ve yeni nesil ergin yoğunluğu ile başaktaki tane sayısı ve tanelerde meydana getirdiği ekonomik zarar eşiğini belirlemek için çok değişkenli regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, ortalama bitki sayısı (m 2 ), başaktaki tane sayısı ve kışlamış ergin, nimf ve yeni nesil ergin yoğunluğu sırasıyla 173.7 ile 910.0, 11.0 ile 41.4, 0.7 ile 3.7, 5.7 ile 114 adet (m 2 ) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kışlamış ergin ile nimf +yeni nesil erginlerden kaynaklanan ürün kaybı -89.1 ile 145.3 g/m² olarak belirlenmiş ve ilaçlı ile ilaçsız parseller arasında bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Çeşitlerde normal sedim değerleri 8-35, beklemeli sedim değerleri ise 9-50 aralığında bulunmuştur. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'ne özgü ekonomik zarar eşiği, bir m²'de ortalama 350-460 bitki, 26 adet tane ve kabul edilebilir %3.5 emgi sınırında m²'de 8, 10, 1...

Determination of damage Rate of Sunn pests (Eurygaster spp. and Aelia spp.) in Bread Wheat Varieties in Karatay (KONYA) District

“…and Wheat sting bug (Aelia spp.) damage, classification and registration of wheat, are the main factors affecting yield and quality in wheat.Sunn pest and Wheat sting bug, the leading pests of grains in Turkey that negatively affect yield and quality before harvest (Anonymous, 2005;Duman et al, 2008;Mutlu et al, 2014;Mutlu et al, 2016;Kılıç et al, 2018;Mutlu and Karaca, 2019). Since it is impossible to distinguish between the wheat varieties damaged by Sunn pest and Wheat sting bug, the damage of the Sunn pest and Wheat sting bug is evaluated together (Lodos, 1986).…”

Analyzing Sunn pest resistance in bread wheat genotypes using phenotypic characteristics and molecular markers

“…Due to the percentage of damaged grains in Bayat, AarasGolsoor, Bezostaya and line93 scoring less than 1%, these genotypes were classified as resistant. Low percentage of damaged grains in wheat genotypes is an important resistance character because Arzani et al (2007) and Mutlu et al (2014) reports, quantitative losses are generally less important than qualitative losses because infestation might not reduce yield significantly and as little as 2-3% of damaged grains might be deemed unacceptable for baking purposes. When proportions of damaged seeds are less than 3% in wheat genotypes, it should be treated with flour improvers to strengthen bread-making quality (Kinaci and Kinaci 2004).…”