“…The theoretical basis of non-cooperative games is individual rationality, where the interests of the alliance cannot constrain individual decisions. The main goal of non-cooperative games is to solve the Nash equilibrium, and common modeling methods include master-slave games (Tushar et al, 2016;Mediwaththe et al, 2020;Kuang et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2022;Shuai et al, 2022), auctions (Brijs et al, 2016;Zaidi et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2022), and other models (Cui et al, 2021a;Xiao et al, 2022;Zheng et al, 2022). The master-slave game describes the optimal strategy between the shared energy storage operator (master) and participant (slave).…”