Economic Sanctions, Morality and Escalation of Demands on Yugoslavia

Theoretical and methodological aspects of the Western sanctions policy research

“…Например, до сих пор не завершен процесс уточнения самого понятия "санкция" [Корольков, Смирнова, Ерофеева 2022: 10]. Споры об эффективности и этичности санкций существенно усилились после югославского кризиса (см., например, [Babić, Jokic 2002;Peksen 2019]). На наш взгляд, одна из самых значимых исследовательских проблем вокруг этой темы состоит в том, что, несмотря на пристальное внимание исследовательского сообщества, тематика санкций почти не вписана в широкий теоретический контекст науки о международных отношениях и оказывается, как отмечает российский политолог Б.И.…”

Violence: Religion, Terror, War

“…105 Baxter agrees, arguing that Catholics in particular should constitute an army of conscientious objectors against Iraq to achieve any real success, 111 and Jovan Babić and Aleksandar Jokić argue that sanctions tend to take on a life of their own by escalating the action beyond its original purpose and justification without achieving the stated end or coming to a satisfactory conclusion. 112 Thus, while economic sanctions may seem like a less costly alternative, their failure to achieve success makes them quite costly.…”

“…110 Pentland, Gordon, and others point to the failure of the U.N. sanctions against Iraq to achieve any real success, 111 and Jovan Babić and Aleksandar Jokić argue that sanctions tend to take on a life of their own by escalating the action beyond its original purpose and justification without achieving the stated end or coming to a satisfactory conclusion. 112 Thus, while economic sanctions may seem like a less costly alternative, their failure to achieve success makes them quite costly. George Lopez and David Cortright try to resolve the problems with unjust sanctions by calling for smart or restricted sanctions that target military and political leadership, 113 while Euclid Rose argues that there needs to be a shift away from sanctions as punishment to sanctions as persuasion or bargaining.…”