Economic sanctions and HIV/AIDS in women

Kim, Yiyeon

doi:10.1057/s41271-019-00173-6

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is important as the empowerment of women through tourism has been made more fragile with the return of sanctions. This is in line with other findings that economic decline caused by the sanctions leads to greater economic grievance often met by further government repression (Buck et al, 1998;Drury & Peksen, 2014;Gutmann et al2020;Kim, 2019). This may undermine civil society's capacity to criticize the target government and contradict the very notion of sanctions as a non-violent tool of statecraft.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Peace, in the sense of the absence of all-out war, by itself is insufficient to encourage tourism and tourism developments that meet broader sustainability goals. Instead, sanctions that are usually justified in the name of peace although often reflecting national political agendas, can have awful consequences on the wellbeing of the general population and especially the most vulnerable (Drury & Peksen, 2014;Gottstein, 1999;Kim, 2019;Koc et al, 2007). As the findings of this study shows sanctions have negatively affected the welfare and populace and life of ordinary people and those working in the tourism and hospitality industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Seyfi

Hall

Vo‐Thanh

2020

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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Despite the widespread use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool in the absence of armed intervention and as a means to promote peace, there is notable absence of research on the effects of sanctions on the peacebuilding capacity of tourism and their relationship to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This situation is surprising given that both sanctions and tourism are promoted as a force for peace and reconciliation processes. Drawing upon international relations and political science and via semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the Iranian tourism and hospitality industry, this study investigates whether sanctions contribute to peace and create an environment suitable for tourism development. The findings indicate how the imposition, relaxation and then reimposition of sanctions by international state actors as a means of peace have paralyzed the Iranian tourism industry through its psychological, sectoral, and societal effects and mobility restrictions. The consequences of sanctions and their sharp contrast with the SDGs are also explored. This study fills a significant gap in tourism research by examining the implications of the application of a widely used coercive geopolitical tool of statecraft in relation to the peace and tourism nexus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Seyfi

Hall

Vo‐Thanh

2020

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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“…This is important as the empowerment of women through tourism has been made more fragile with the return of sanctions. This is in line with other findings that economic decline caused by the sanctions leads to greater economic grievance often met by further government repression (Buck et al, 1998;Drury & Peksen, 2014;Kim, 2019;Gutmann et al, 2019). This may undermine civil society 's capacity to criticize the target government and contradict the very notion of sanctions as a non-violent tool of statecraft.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Peace, in the sense of the absence of all-out war, by itself is insufficient to encourage tourism and tourism developments that meet broader sustainability goals. Instead, sanctions that are usually justified in the name of peace although often reflecting national political agendas, can have awful consequences on the wellbeing of the general population and especially the most vulnerable (Gottstein, 1999;Koc, Jernigan & Das, 2007;Drury & Peksen, 2014;Kim, 2019). As the findings of this study shows sanctions have negatively affected the welfare and populace and life of ordinary people and those working in the tourism and hospitality industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Seyfi¹,

Hall²,

Vo‐Thanh³

2022

Peace Through Tourism

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His main research interests include sustainable tourism, tourist engagement, relationship quality, impacts of ICT on consumer behaviours and management, tourism destination attractiveness and competitiveness, wine tourism, and green human resource management. Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations AbstractDespite the widespread use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool in the absence of armed intervention and as a means to promote peace, there is notable absence of research on the effects of sanctions on the peacebuilding capacity of tourism and their relationship to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This situation is surprising given that both sanctions and tourism are promoted as a force for peace and reconciliation processes. Drawing upon international relations and political science and via semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the Iranian tourism and hospitality industry, this study investigates whether sanctions contribute to peace and create an environment suitable for tourism development. The findings indicate how the imposition, relaxation and then re-imposition of sanctions by international state actors as a means of peace have paralyzed the Iranian tourism industry through its psychological, sectoral, and societal effects and mobility restrictions. The consequences of sanctions and their sharp contrast with the SDGs are also explored. This study fills a significant gap in tourism research by examining the implications of the application of a widely used coercive geopolitical tool of statecraft in relation to the peace and tourism nexus. KeywordsSanctions, crisis, peace through tourism, reconciliation, Sustainable Development Goals, geopolitics of tourism "People talk about smart sanctions and crippling sanctions. I've never seen smart sanctions, and crippling sanctions cripple everyone, including innocent civilians, and make the government more popular". Mohamed ElBaradei, Director General (1997 of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and joint awardee of the 2005 Nobel Prize for Peace with the IAEA for their efforts to prevent the military use of nuclear energy (quoted in Warrick, 2009).

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“…Women are more at risk for getting HIV infection. [72] In the post war/sanction years, Iraqi women suffered from increased rate of anemia, sexually transmitted diseases, and water-borne parasitic infections. [73] Lack of information and empirical data about impact of sanctions on subjects like mortality, morbidity, quality of life, and also social determinants of health namely food security, employment, habitation, environmental health, transportations and literacy, indicates that the health area has not entirely been under observation and investigation, and thus, sanctions are not acquitted of impacting people's health.…”

Section: Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time for more evidence: a scoping review of the effects of sanctions on Iranian health

Majdzadeh

Yahyaei

Sajadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Islamic Republic of Iran has been the target of massive sanctions since 1979, which got intensified in 2005, 2012, and also in 2015 following JCPOA cancellation. Long-term economic sanctions have impacted Iran’s health system. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of sanctions on health system in Iran, and Iranian people’s health. Methods A scoping review was performed. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database were searched from 2012 using the sanction, health and Iran keywords to find the studies that examined the impacts of sanctions on health in Iran. After screening, only original studies, namely studies which collected data through experiments, surveys, observation, interviews, or review of the literature were included, and letters to the editors and secondary reports were excluded. Final listings of articles were supplemented with hand searches of reference listings to ensure completeness. Data on study characteristics and the impacts of sanctions on health were extracted and summarized. Result The preliminary search has identified 273 documents among which 11 articles had the eligibility criteria to be included. They showed remarkable effects of sanctions on access to medicines for the treatment of cancers, non-communicable diseases, asthma, epilepsy, addiction, and hemophilia. Conclusion While there is a scarcity of evidence in quantifying the sanction’s impact and also the potential impact on different dimensions of people’s health, it seems that innocent people suffered from the economic downturn caused by sanction. The exact impact of sanctions on different health related areas could be the subject of further studies. Furthermore, more vigorous monitoring and evaluation systems are needed to investigate the effects of sanctions on health outcomes and system to be sure that they do not violate people’s fundamental human right to health.

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Economic sanctions and HIV/AIDS in women

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Time for more evidence: a scoping review of the effects of sanctions on Iranian health

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