Economic Reforms and Foreign Direct Investment in Algeria

The evolution of authoritarian rule in Algeria: linkage versus organizational power

“…This earlier conflict, and the subsequent control of the 'top state positions' by the 'generation of elites' that led the fight against France, meant that the regime already had enough 'cohesion, self-confidence, and "stomach" to use force' against the insurgents. 58 Despite the gradual liberalisation of Algeria's economy throughout the 1990s and 2000s, 59 the Bouteflika regime retained significant control over it. In addition to dominating its most important sectors (oil and gas), in 2009 the regime passed the Complementary Finance Law which requires all private companies to be at least 51 percent Algerian-owned.…”

The Evolution of the Algerian Banking System

“…After that, the beginning of the 1980s, Algeria faced serious economic difficulties (Meliani, Aghrout, & Ammari, 2004).…”

Parliamentary Elections in Algeria, 2017

“…The collapse in oil prices and the austerity measures impacted on the country’s economic performance and challenged the state’s ability to redirect the economic development (Aghrout & Bougherira, 2004, p. 1). In the following decades, the country witnessed major anti-government riots, social dissent, and popular protests due to the inability of the authorities to meet the socio-economic demands (Meliani, Aghrout & Ammari, 2004, p. 95). Toward reducing the social unrest, in 1989, President Chadli Benjedid sought political liberalization by introducing multi-party system (Riding, 1992).…”

“…Toward reducing the social unrest, in 1989, President Chadli Benjedid sought political liberalization by introducing multi-party system (Riding, 1992). In continuation, Algeria for the first time since it independence held a multi-party election in December 1991 (Lowi, 2009, p. 25; Meliani et al, 2004, p. 94). After an anticipated victory of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), an Islamist opposition party, the army canceled the elections.…”