Economic Opportunities for Women in the East Asia and Pacific Region

Ellis, Amanda; Kirkwood, Daniel; Malhotra, Dhruv

doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-8300-1

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, this has to be a state initiative to make mobility both convenient and safe for women. Ellis, Kirkwood, and Malhotra (2010) suggests women should be involved in small businesses management to direct ways for not only alleviation of gender inequality but also poverty alleviation, and then move them to large businesses.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Women in Inclusive Growth and Sustainability: An Indicative Study

Baqai¹,

Mehreen²

2020

jms.2014

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The economic face of gender inequality is not new; it existed in extreme forms and manifestations in the past also. Over the years, gender inequality has been translated in several forms, which include invisibility, glass ceiling, pink ceiling, wage gap, hindrances in career growth and access to capacity building. The developed world is also struggling to address issues of gender inequality and sustainable economic growth. Countries that have overcome this, are on high growth trajectories. Pakistan poses a dismal picture, low female labor force and economic participation remains a major contributor to Pakistan's low GDP. The issue of economic gender parity, if addressed, can therefore become a catalyst for Pakistan's future growth target. The acknowledgment of women's contribution to the society is undervalued. In addition, the proportion of women in informal sector is higher than in formal sector of economy. Thus, women are not showcased in inclusive growth and sustainability paradigms. Marriages, societal constraints, mobility issues, security situations, lack of encouragement of entrepreneurial start-ups, insufficient exposure to decision making roles and poor awareness about career growth are some of the factors that impede women's contribution to inclusive growth. The consensus is to increase women's visibility, participation and access, create equal opportunities and nurture a healthy work environment. This research attempts to contribute to the intellectual discourse through an indicative study in an urban setting. An indicative survey and interviews were conducted to ascertain the current mindset and status of women in workforce and their contribution to economic growth and sustainability. The sample size is 100+ females who have completed higher education degree in the last ten years. The hypothesis is backed by the Feminist Economic theory which demands wage and role equality in economic policy making and also questions division of labor at homes and in societies.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Women in Inclusive Growth and Sustainability: An Indicative Study

Baqai¹,

Mehreen²

2020

jms.2014

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“…Further, in 2012 in Vietnam, more credit-tightening requirements were applied to all local banks; hence, banks may have restricted the expansion and development of women's businesses, as well as implementing stricter criteria to limit the number of loan applications (Poon et al, 2012). Ellis, Kirkwood and Malhotra (2010) added that financial institutions in Vietnam are 'not only unwilling to lend to small businesses', but at the same time establish seemingly impossible and high 'credit conditions' that small and starting entrepreneurs cannot meet (p. 30). The last barrier of inconsistent market trends at present makes it difficult for women entrepreneurs to enter and dominate in their chosen industry.…”

Section: Barriers and Obstacles Encountered When Becoming Women Entrepreneursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability model of Vietnamese women entrepreneurship

AISDL¹

2020

Preprint

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The purpose of this research was to propose a sustainability model of Vietnamese women entrepreneurs. The study addresses questions concerning factors that trigger decisions by Vietnamese women to start a business or transition from employee to ownership status; identifies obstacles encountered because of societal prejudice and government policies; and examines the factors associated with business success. To investigate these research questions, a mixed methods approach was adopted. For the qualitative phase of the study, 30 Vietnamese women entrepreneurs were interviewed. Thematic analysis performed on interview data revealed that Vietnamese women entrepreneurs face social prejudice regarding their business expertise, that the Vietnamese government is not effectively communicating its support to these women, and that its policies are too vague.

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“…Discriminatory laws in the area of family and marriage also affect women's economic opportunities. Laws relating to family, marriage, and inheritance play a key role in influencing women's economic rights, including access to land, housing, and other forms of property (Ellis, Kirkwood, and Malhotra 2010). The law of succession in Tonga's constitution, for example, allows only males to inherit.…”

Section: Labor Regulations and Informal Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward gender equality in East Asia and the Pacific: a companion to the World development report

2013

Choice Reviews Online

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Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 15 14 13 12 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. Note that The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you.The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

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Economic Opportunities for Women in the East Asia and Pacific Region

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Role of Women in Inclusive Growth and Sustainability: An Indicative Study

Role of Women in Inclusive Growth and Sustainability: An Indicative Study

Sustainability model of Vietnamese women entrepreneurship

Toward gender equality in East Asia and the Pacific: a companion to the World development report

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