Economic losses due to important diseases of bovines in central India

Singh, Devraj; Kumar, Sanjay; Singh, B.; Bardhan, D.

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2014.579-585

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Estimations of direct economic losses due to PPR mortality and morbidity in sheep and goats were calculated with the formulae derived from Bennett and Kitching (2000), Kivaria (2006), Singh and Prasad (2008) and Barasa et al (2008) as expressed below, using the variables in Table 1.…”

Section: Estimation Of Direct Economic Losses Due To Pprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic losses associated with Peste des petits ruminants in Turkana County Kenya

et al. 2015

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Peste des petits ruminants is a major economic disease affecting the pastoral herders in Kenya, with outbreaks in Turkana County having devastating effects on the Turkana livelihoods. Turkana County is a region associated with natural and manmade disasters, poor infrastructure and insecurity. There is limited essential data on livestock diseases and economic analysis. This study has attempted to estimate the direct economic loses occasioned by outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) based on perceived loss of benefits experienced by the Turkana people. Parameters for the analytical model were derived from secondary data, informal interviews and focused group discussions using participatory epidemiology methods. Results shows that losses due to PPR were estimated at US$ 19.1 million and mortality of small stock due to PPR constituted the greatest economic loss valued at US$ 16.8 million being 88% of the total losses. Other losses due to lost milk and weight loss constitute approximately 12% of the total losses. PPR has serious economic impacts on pastoral livelihoods, and previous estimation of PPR losses in Kenya was grossly undervalued. This study strengthens the basis for developing a system for the economic assessment of livestock diseases in areas with scanty data based on parameters derived from participatory epidemiology approaches for use in the mathematical model.

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Section: Estimation Of Direct Economic Losses Due To Pprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic losses associated with Peste des petits ruminants in Turkana County Kenya

et al. 2015

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“…Mastitis is one of the best understood diseases, but effectiveness of its management in the dairy farming is still low [8][9][10][11][12]. Economic losses due to mastitis include decrease in milk yield and quality, decline in milk production and early cow disposal (before completion of genetically predetermined lactation period and productive use term) [13,14]. Mastitis also poses a hazard to human health due to possible presence of pathogens and their toxins in the milk [15][16][17][18].…”

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confidence: 99%

ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PROFILE OF Staphylococcus aureus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM MILK OF HIGH YIELD COWS IN CENTRAL RUSSIA

Артемьева¹,

Nikanova²,

Kotkovskaya³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tThe development of microbial resistance to antibiotics determines the effectiveness of the veterinary measures. The study and monitoring, well-designed treatment schemes are those measures that help to reduce the risk of spread of pathogenic and conditional-pathogenic microorganisms. One of the problems in the dairy farming is mastitis of high producing cows which is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Here we first report findings on the development of resistance in S. aureus strains isolated from milk of clinically healthy dairy cows during treatment with antibiotics of different classes. The study was carried out using high yield holsteinized black-and-white cows (n = 1321, Kaluga region, 2016) which were vaccinated twice with anti-mastitis drug Mastivak («Ovejero», Spain). Milk was sampled during the lactation period individually from each cow. For the species identification of S. aureus isolates we used the following criteria: (i) morphology and microscopy of the colonies grown on the Baird Parker Agar medium («HiMedia Laboratories Pvt., Ltd», India); (ii) the presence of hemolysis zones on the Azide Blood Agar Pronadisa medium («Conda», Spain) supplemented with 5 % defibrinated sheep blood; (iii) a coagulation of dry citrated rabbit plasma (CJSC «EKOlab», Russia); (iv) biochemical characterization with API 20 STAPH panel («BioMerieux», France). S. aureus ATCC 25923 was a reference strain. The sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms to ten antibiotics («Pharmacotherapy Research Center», Russia) including penicillin (PEN, 10, ED), oxacillin (OX, 10 μg), gentamicin (GN, 10 μg), erythromycin (ER, 15 μg), lincomycin (LN, 15 μg), rifampicin (RF, 5 μg), ciprofloxacin (CP, 5 μg), vancomycin (VA, 30 μg), fuzidin (FZ, 10 μg) and novobiocin (NB, 5 μg) was determined by disk diffusion method. A total of 104 strains among 155 isolates (67.1 %) showed resistance to one or more antibiotics. The majority of the strains were resistant to novobiocin (49.7 %) while the smallest part (2.6 %) exhibited resistant to vancomycin. Importantly, the antibiotic resistance to next-generation antibacterial agents (novobiocin and vancomycin) which are currently widely used in medicine should be noted. Gentamicin, rifampicin and vancomycin had the highest efficiency among the tested antibiotics (81.9 %, 86.5 % and 97.4 %, respectively). In order to evaluated the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment strategy, the cows (n = 87) with pre-detected S. aureus were divided into four groups. Gentamicin was administrated in group I (n = 26), erythromycin was administrated in group II (n = 22), rifampicin was administrated in group III (n = 12), and penicillin and amoxicillin were administrated in group IV (n = 27). The animals were considered cured when no S. aureus after the treatment. Rifampicin application was the most effective (91.7 %) whereas gentamicin showed the lowest effectiveness (53.8 %). Moreover, the number of multidrug resistant strains reached 55.6-61.5 % after the treatment comparing to 33.3-43.8 % before t...

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“…The average incidence was calculated by adding the number of cases in three years and divides it by three, or the number of cases divided by the total population in the specified period (Thrusfield, 2005). The economic loss induced by cowdriosis was based on the formula given by Singh and Prasad (2008). It included losses due to mortality, reduced milk yield, carcass meat (body weight) and the cost of acaricide and antibiotic treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three year follow-up study on the occurrence of bovine ehrlichiosis (cowdriosis) at Gondar University dairy farm

Melaku¹,

Bogale²,

Chanie³

et al. 2014

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Bovine ehrlichiosis (cowdriosis) is an acute, fatal, non-contagious, infectious, tick-borne rickettsial disease of ruminants, caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium and transmitted by Amblyomma ticks. During the 3 years period, 37 cases were examined at the University of Gondar dairy farms with diagnosis based on clinical, post-mortem and squash smear preparations. The age of animals which showed clinical signs ranged from two months to 3.5 years, with an average of 1.27 years. Most cases were aged less than one year. Cases were recorded throughout the year; however, it was more prevalent in the rainy season than others. Of the 37 cases, 26 (70.27%) were female and 11 (29.73%) were male. Clinical signs observed include a body temperature of 37 to 41.5°C, reduced or no food consumption, depression, conjunctival congestion, grunting, shivering, head pressing, excessive chewing, salivation and self inflected trauma. The most commonly observed findings at post-mortem examination were hydro-pericardium, peticheal or generalized haemorrhages in the peritoneum and other organs. The economic loss to the farm, during the period of study was 7884.67 USD (142,924.20 Birr {Ethiopian Currency}). The disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile conditions, so that the appropriate treatment and control measures can be implemented, as early as possible.

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Economic losses due to important diseases of bovines in central India

Cited by 43 publications

References 3 publications

Economic losses associated with Peste des petits ruminants in Turkana County Kenya

Economic losses associated with Peste des petits ruminants in Turkana County Kenya

ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PROFILE OF Staphylococcus aureus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM MILK OF HIGH YIELD COWS IN CENTRAL RUSSIA

A three year follow-up study on the occurrence of bovine ehrlichiosis (cowdriosis) at Gondar University dairy farm

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