Economic Issues in War-to-Peace Transitions: Old and New Challenges

Peace Agreement Implementation (PAI): What Matters? A Review of the Literature

“…Scholars have shown that armed fights deepen socio-economic inequalities, which, in fact, breed and extend conflict (Distler, Stavrevska, and Vogel 2018). In addition, economic claims and motivations are frequently part of violent eruptions, hence their importance when implementing a PA; implementation cannot be sustained if economic issues are not addressed (Costantini 2012). One argument supporting this claim is that in "post-conflict areas, the economy contributes to creating a new vision of society which convinces the parties that it is indeed worthwhile to stop fighting and benefit from the economic opportunities of peace" (Wennmann 2009, 44).…”

“…Another key issue concerning the economic factors shaping PAI is resource allocation. It implies a division and transfer of power and resources among the parties in conflict at political, economic, and social levels (Costantini 2012). Resource allocation, therefore, can be seen as a way to solve issues in PAI or as a cause of tension leading to distrust (Costantini 2012).…”

“…It implies a division and transfer of power and resources among the parties in conflict at political, economic, and social levels (Costantini 2012). Resource allocation, therefore, can be seen as a way to solve issues in PAI or as a cause of tension leading to distrust (Costantini 2012). The process depends on changing domestic and international political dynamics identified as important determinants of which policies or provisions are implemented (James 2021; see also section on International factors).…”

“…A principal factor that can improve economic conditions for PAI is engaging the private sector and business communities (Costantini 2012). From the start, the private sector is affected by conflict (Miklian et al 2021;Rettberg 2003; Working Through Violence Research Team 2021).…”