Economic Integration In ECOWAS: 40 Years After

Okom, Michael P.

doi:10.19044/esj.2016.v12n19p75

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The utilization of coercive power to threaten people in elections has likewise been seen to have implications in reducing voter's turnout (Bratton 2008;Burchard, 2015). Elections coming up after significant scenes like civil wars, can likewise reactivate dormant social cleavages with implications for violence (Flores & Nooruddin 2012;2016). Violence can undermine democratic process as it constitutes a cog in the wheel of democratic sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecowas and the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia

Joshua,

Ityonzughul,

Amoke

2020

KIJHUS

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This study explores the role of ECOWA in the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia. The 2016 election was surprisingly won by the leader of an opposition coalition; Adama Barrow. Barrow defeated Yayha Jammeh, who had already won consecutively four previous presidential elections. This marked the terminal point of Jammeh’s 20-years rule of Gambia, marred with human rights abuses. Jammeh initially conceded defeat but later changed his mind after a week, thus triggering a major political conflict. For months, he made incessant desperate attempts to cling to power, before finally leaving the country on 21 January 2017, when it appeared he would be removed by force. Indeed, different stakeholders including the ECOWAS played a vital role for ensuring peace in Gambia. In this connection, this study discusses exclusively the roles of ECOWAS in mitigating the conflict under consideration. With extant literature and oral sources backed with the realist conflict theory, the paper traces the historical foundations of the ECOWAS and electoral conflict in Gambia. It emphasizes the roles the organization has played in mitigating the post-2016 electoral conflict in the Country. The study reveals that ECOWAS was able to restore civil rule and peace in the country by threatening the use of force. ECOWAS enjoyed the support of both African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN). The two organizations gave ECOWAS the much needed support. This conflict resolution in the Gambia was termed the African solution to African problems. Hence this study recommends among others that ECOWAS should continue to act as the regional defender because the numerous conflicts in the region are indeed African problems and should therefore be tackled by Africans themselves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecowas and the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia

Joshua,

Ityonzughul,

Amoke

2020

KIJHUS

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Borders, Migration and Xenophobic Policies in West Africa

Aniche

2022

Africa Review

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The 1979 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Protocol, or Article 59 of the 1993 ECOWAS Revised Treaty, encapsulates the terms and conditions for a visa-free and borderless economic community. It is geared towards decolonising the colonial borders and encouraging economic activity. But despite the ratification of the Protocol, documented and undocumented migrants continue to be expelled, blocked at borders and prevented from doing business, and suffer other xenophobic mistreatment, within the sub-region. The member states of ECOWAS have implemented anti-immigrant policies, from which Community citizens are rarely exempted. The article argues that the political class in the various states in the sub-region has nurtured and exploited a xenophobic consciousness, which has prevented the growth of class consciousness and protects their power base. The xenophobic policies of West African states have also created the necessary conditions to impede the implementation of the ECOWAS Protocol.

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ECOWAS: Integration vs Disintegration

Shkvarya,

Abdoulaye

2024

Asia & Africa today

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The artic1e presents an ana1ysis of the changes in the socio-economic situation and regiona1 economic integration taking p1ace in the countries of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States). The re1evance of the topic is predetermined by the withdrawa1 of three countries - Ma1i, Niger and Burkina Faso - from ECOWAS in 2024. The artic1e shows that today, i.e. a1most ha1f a century after the estab1ishment of ECOWAS, most of the countries of the association sti11 remain the poorest and be1ong to the group of 1ow-income countries, the structure of their economies has changed 1itt1e on average, often with the share of agricu1tura1 and industria1 production decreasing, but the service sector share increasing. The authors conc1ude that, a1though the socio-economic deve1opment of the countries has been and remains differentiated, there have been practica11y no major breakthroughs in it, as we11 as in integration cooperation within ECOWAS. According to the authors, in order to activate the integration processes in ECOWAS, it is important to comp1ete the process of deco1onization and form the own approach to the deve1opment of regiona1 economic integration.

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Economic Integration In ECOWAS: 40 Years After

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Ecowas and the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia

Ecowas and the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia

Borders, Migration and Xenophobic Policies in West Africa

ECOWAS: Integration vs Disintegration

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