Economic inequalities and temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

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ObjectiveObesity is a growing epidemic in the world. It increases the risk for severe health conditions, including diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Recent research has found that obesity is associated with an increased risk for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The purpose of this literature review with meta‐analysis is to analyse the possible association between obesity and temporomandibular disorders.Materials and MethodsPubmed, Web of Science and Lilacs were systematically searched until 01/03/2000. Articles dealing with TMD and obesity were selected, and numbers that might be useful in the meta‐analysis were extracted.ResultsFifty articles were chosen after using all three search engines. Thirty‐five articles were considered during the initial screening step. Four papers were chosen for title and abstract screening based on the PECO model. A manual search of bibliographies and the Cochrane database was also carried out, but no publications that matched the inclusion criteria were located. The articles and meta‐analysis did not show a clear association between obesity and temporomandibular disorders.ConclusionThere is no evidence regarding the reliability of either method. Both have superimposable results.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in obesity patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Minervini,

Franco,

Marrapodi

et al. 2023

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“…The candidate mediators included nine psychology-related traits (depression, feeling lonely, miserable, guilty, fed-up, nervous, worry, hurt, and tense), 19,20 four smoking and dietary behaviours (ever smoked, smoking initial, cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol intake frequency), 21 three adiposity traits (body mass index [BMI], waistto-hip ratio [WHR], body fat percentage), 22 five sleep-related traits (apnea, snoring, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration), 23,24 one physical activity (moderate to vigorous physical activity levels), 19 two autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], Sjogren's syndrome [SS]), 25 insufficient Vitamin D (vitamin D supplement, serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels), 25 estradiol levels in females and males, 26 lower back pain 27 and average total household income. 28 Detailed information on all GWAS included in our study is shown in Table S2.…”

Section: Data Sources For Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal effects of educational attainment on temporomandibular disorders and the mediating pathways: A Mendelian randomization study

Chen,

Cheng,

et al. 2024

BackgroundAs one of the most important indicators of socioeconomic status, educational attainment (EA) exhibits a strong association with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Despite this link, there is a lack of evidence regarding the causal role of EA in either facilitating or preventing TMDs.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the causal effect of education on TMDs and explore potential mediating pathways.MethodsUtilizing summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies on years of schooling (N = 766 345) and TMDs (N = 211 023), we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the overall effect of education. Additionally, a two‐step MR approach was employed to evaluate 30 potential mediators and calculate the mediation proportions in the association. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy.ResultsUnivariable MR analyses revealed a causal effect of lower EA on an increased risk of TMDs (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43–0.66, p < .001). Five out of 30 modifiable factors were identified as causal mediators in the associations of EA with TMDs, including feeling nervous (mediation proportion: 11.6%), feeling tense (10.2%), depression (9.6%), feeling worry (7.6%) and daily smoking (8.9%). Meanwhile, no pleiotropy was detected in the analyses (p > .05).ConclusionOur findings supported that higher EA has a protective effect on the onset of TMDs, with partial mediation by psychological disorders and daily smoking. Interventions on these factors thus have the potential of substantially reducing the burden of TMDs attributed to low education.

“…People who have served in the military and experienced war stress are at an increased risk of developing TMD. 42 It is also important to avoid activities that may cause further strain on the TMJ, such as chewing gum, nail-biting and clenching or grinding of the teeth. 44 If the symptoms of TMD are severe or last for more than a few weeks, it is important to seek medical attention.…”

Section: Quality Assessment and Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐traumatic stress, prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in war veterans: Systematic review with meta‐analysis

Franco

Minervini

Fiorillo

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe physical and psychological effects of war are not always easy to detect, but they can be far‐reaching and long‐lasting. One of the physical effects that may result from war stress is temporomandibular disorder (TMD).ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of TMD sign and symptoms among war veterans diagnosed with PTSD.MethodsWe systematically searched in Web of Science, PubMed and Lilacs for articles published from the inception until 30 December 2022. All documents were assessed for eligibility based on the following Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcomes (PECO) model: (P) Participants consisted of human subjects. (E) The Exposure consisted of exposition to war. (C) The Comparison was between war veterans (subjects exposed to war) and subjects not exposed to war. (O) The Outcome consisted of presence of temporomandibular disorders sign or symptoms (we considered pain to muscle palpation in war veterans).ResultsForty studies were identified at the end of the research. We chose only four study to draw up the present systematic study. The included subjects were 596. Among them, 274 were exposed to war, whereas the remaining 322 were not exposed to war stress. Among those exposed to war, 154 presented sign/symptoms of TMD (56.2%) whereas only 65 of those not exposed to war (20.18%). The overall effect revealed that subjects exposed to war and diagnosed with PTSD had a higher prevalence of TMD signs (pain at muscle palpation) than controls (RR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.13–4.34), showing an association PTSD war‐related and TMD.ConclusionsWar can cause lasting physical and psychological damage that can lead to chronic diseases. Our results clearly demonstrated that war exposure, directly or indirectly, increases the risk of developing TMJ dysfunction and TMD sign/symptoms.