Economic Incentives for Rain Forest Conservation Across Scales

Kremen, Claire; Niles, John O.; Dalton, Michael; Daily, Gretchen C.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Fay, John P.; Grewal, David Singh; Guillery, R. P.

doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1828

Cited by 272 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As previously explained, in Madagascar conservation restrictions usually entail a decrease in agricultural production because farmers can no longer clear primary forest to manage soil fertility. Previous research in Madagascar studying the costs of conservation for local populations has not assessed the impacts on livelihoods; it has used either a contingent valuation approach, such as the "willingness-to-accept" methodology (Kramer et al 1 995,Shyamsundar and Kramer 1 996,Desbureaux and Brimont 201 5), or the opportunity costs method, in which the authors assess the potential income derived from practising agriculture on newly deforested land (Kremen et al 2000, Ferraro 2002). For the purpose of this article, we chose to estimate the loss of household income arising from the implementation of the Beampingaratsy REDD+ project, i.e., restrictions on the use of natural resources established by VOI management plans, as a way of estimating the de facto real conservation cost for local populations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The payments for environmental services (PES) literature usually distinguishes between three types of costs: (i) opportunity costs, i.e., households' forgone revenues from the protection of ecosystems, (ii) transaction costs, which cover the start-up and running costs incurred by the implementation and functioning of PES, and (iii) the actual payments ( Kremen et al 2000, Ferraro 2002, and the transaction costs of direct incentive schemes in tropical countries (Angelsen 2008, Börner and Wunder 2008, Grieg-Gran 2008). …”

Section: Payments For Environmental Services (Pes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cost of making compensation payments to local forest populations in a REDD+ pilot project in Madagascar

Brimont¹,

Ezzine‐de‐Blas²,

Karsenty³

2017

MCD

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REDD+ is usually presented as an incentive-based mechanism that can provide payments to compensate for the costs induced by conservation restrictions. Yet in Madagascar REDD+ is implemented through a command-and-control approach with almost no or insufficient compensation. This paper challenges the financial feasibility of an individual cash or in-kind compensation scheme as part of a REDD+ project and assesses the cost of implementing a hypothetical individual compensation scheme for local populations living on the boundary of an ongoing REDD+ pilot project in southeastern Madagascar. In order to estimate a plausible level of compensation, we measured households' perceived economic losses arising from the project. We carried out this economic evaluation based on households' declarative statements about their agricultural production (before and after project implementation) and their perceptions of the causes of such changes. We then estimated the start-up and running costs of implementing conditional transfers to compensate for reported losses using first-hand project cost data from different conservation projects in Madagascar, including the one analysed in this paper. Comparing our estimated total cost to the current budget of the REDD+ project, we concluded that compensating households would cost seven times more than the budget initially devoted to field activities during the first phase of the project. Yet we discuss that individual compensation may increase the long-term environmental and social additionality (through greater legitimacy) of the REDD+ project, as it may play a role of safety nets and help farmers, especially the most vulnerable ones, to implement new agricultural techniques to adapt to land use restrictions. (Résumé d'auteur

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Payments For Environmental Services (Pes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost of making compensation payments to local forest populations in a REDD+ pilot project in Madagascar

Brimont¹,

Ezzine‐de‐Blas²,

Karsenty³

2017

MCD

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“…According to Kremen et al [35], conservation benefits are global, but cost is mainly incurred by local communities who must forgo exploitation rights and restriction from forest and forest resources for the sake of conservation, despite high cultural and livelihoods implications. Past PES programmes showed mixed results in benefits to local communities [36].…”

Section: Local Engagement and Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Role of the Local Community as Co-Managers of the Mount Cameroon National Park Conservation Project

Awung

Marchant

2016

Environments

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Local forest management is essential for enhancing the sustainability of both communities' livelihoods and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Land Degradation (REDD+) projects. However, few studies have examined the impact of forest ownership and control on community engagement and the functioning of communities in a co-managing conservation initiative. This paper examines the influence of forest management on local participation and identifies the roles/functions of local communities in the Mount Cameroon National Park REDD+ conservation project. Cluster multi-stage random sampling was used to collect data from 259 respondents that were analysed using the chi-square, Mann-Whitney, t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra tests and NVivo. Results show that local communities have been involved in forest management practices before the establishment of the park. Communities support the establishment of a strict conservation zone and hope to promote local participation with a high expectation of benefits. Insecure tenure reduces project support and local engagement. Though communities massively support the initiative, engagement is low, and participants are not carrying out any tangible roles. They function mainly as manual labourers or mere committee members who only enforce rules/regulations within communities. Community-based natural resource management and integrated conservation and development projects have often not realised local expectations due to problems of application and impracticable legislation. Projects' failure may be avoided by involving communities in tangible roles/functions and developing an effective co-management approach or establishing community-owned and -managed forest projects. This paper examines the progress of REDD+ from an early stage to help inform proponents in adapting strategies that are geared towards appropriate satisfactory outcomes, especially for local communities, to prevent the early failure of the initiative.

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“…And it is varying due to the fact that it encompassed by a fluctuating external environment, which implies that changes of hydrological ecosystem services could be for or against human well-being. However, Kremen et al (2000) and McConnell (2002) proposed that the overall impacts of ecosystem services on human well-being cannot be determined by the research in one region or modeling through using shortterm data. Identically, Daw et al (2011) concluded that people benefited from ecosystem services constrained by the family size, education level, poverty, vulnerability, and social relations.…”

Section: Effects Of Regional Hydrological Ecosystem Services On Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews on land use change induced effects on regional hydrological ecosystem services for integrated water resources management

Gui

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C

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a b s t r a c tThis paper proposed to provide valuable information for integrated water resources management through evaluating the research on the interaction mechanism among land use changes, regional hydrological ecosystem services and human well-being. Firstly, the driving mechanism of land use and land cover changes was introduced in this paper. Secondly, the overview of the interaction mechanism among land use and land cover changes, regional hydrological ecosystem services and human well-being was given. Based on the meta-analysis, land use changes have a profound influence on regional hydrological ecosystem services, and the variation of hydrological ecosystem could benefit or impair human wellbeing. Finally, two suggestions were emphasized for managers or policy makers for the future integrated water resources management: (1) Proper land use makes for the water resource management; (2) Blindly pursuing the provisioning services weakens other services of hydrological ecosystem.

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Economic Incentives for Rain Forest Conservation Across Scales

Cited by 272 publications

References 17 publications

The cost of making compensation payments to local forest populations in a REDD+ pilot project in Madagascar

The cost of making compensation payments to local forest populations in a REDD+ pilot project in Madagascar

Investigating the Role of the Local Community as Co-Managers of the Mount Cameroon National Park Conservation Project

Reviews on land use change induced effects on regional hydrological ecosystem services for integrated water resources management

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