Economic Impact of a Pharmacy Resident in an Assisted Living Facility—Based Medication Therapy Management Program

Abstract

Our study demonstrates the positive value that a PGY1 pharmacy resident has on an assisted living-based MTM program, with respect to a positive drug-related cost-benefit and drug therapy recommendation acceptance.

Evaluation of Medication Therapy Management Services for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in a Self-Insured Employer Health Plan

“…13,29 Additionally, while this study had a relatively small sample size, it should be recognized that a small sample size (n < 100) is quite common, especially among studies that have evaluated real-world clinical outcomes. 29,31,48,50 From an economic perspective, the decrease in CVD-related pharmacy, all-cause medical costs, and total expenditures the baseline values and the endpoint values (Table 4), improvements in the hypertension stage were observed in the post-index period (χ 2 = 12.77, P = 0.01). For instance, of 16 patients that had pre-hypertension at baseline, 13 (81.3%) remained at their current stages while 3 (18.8%) had improved to the normal stage post-index date.…”

“…This finding is similar to previous studies where direct cost savings per patient ranged from $71.21 to $290.60. 12,31,35,51 The positive ROI of 1.67 in a 6-month period suggests that MTM services offered a positive financial benefit for the self-insured employer. The findings from this study were consistent with previous studies that reported ROIs between 1.49-12.15.…”

“…10,30 In addition to clinical outcomes, MTM services can improve direct and indirect cost savings and can also have positive results on benefit-to-cost ratio and return on investment. [10][11][12][31][32][33] The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-provided MTM services from the self-insured employer perspective. This study contributes to the existing literature in 2 respects: it reflects the self-insured employer's perspective, and it evaluates both the economic and the clinical impact of MTM services.…”

Value of Conducting Pharmacy Residency Training—The Organizational Perspective

“…The resulting net costbenefit was $1550, with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.7 and a return on investment of 70%. 23 Hospital pharmacy residents also provide costbeneficial clinical services, as noted in a 1993 Canadian study. 24 Interventions made by three hospital pharmacy residents and the corresponding workload of these individuals during a 4-week period were used to compare the cost of a resident providing direct patient care services with the cost of a staff pharmacist.…”

“…Several studies show the positive impact of pharmacy residents on drug costs, [22][23][24] prescribing errors, 22 adverse events, 25 and length of stay. 22 Terceros and colleagues showed the positive impact of a pharmacy resident in reducing the hospital length of stay and producing drugrelated cost savings.…”