Economic impact assessment of small ruminant fasciolosis in Nigeria using pooled prevalence obtained from literature and field epidemiological data

Odeniran, Paul Olalekan; Omolabi, Kehinde F.; Ademola, Isaiah Oluwafemi

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100548

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Fasciolosis, also known as liver fluke disease, is caused by trematodes of the genus Fasciola. Fasciola hepatica has one of the greatest geographical distributions for parasites infecting livestock and causes high annual economic losses in many countries [1][2][3]. In addition, fasciolosis constitutes a zoonosis with a significant economic public health importance all over the world and it is considered by the WHO as a re-emerging neglected tropical disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola hepatica primoinfections and reinfections in sheep drive distinct Th1/Th2/Treg immune responses in liver and hepatic lymph node at early and late stages

Ruiz-Campillo

Barrero-Torres

Abril

et al. 2023

Vet Res

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The expression of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and regulatory (IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4) cytokines, as well as the transcription factor FoxP3, was quantified in the liver and hepatic lymph node (HLN) of sheep primoinfected and reinfected with Fasciola hepatica at early (4, 8 and 16 days post-infection [dpi]) and late (100 dpi) stages. The liver exerted a Th2 immune response at very early stages after the primoinfection with F. hepatica that induced the downregulation of IFN-γ, followed by a Th1/Th2/Treg response although the late stages were characterised by the expression of Th1/Th2 immune mediators. Contrarily, in reinfected sheep a robust mixed Th1/Th2/Treg immune response was found at very early stages meanwhile at late stages we observed a Th2/Treg immune response overcoming the expression of Th1 immune mediators. However, the HLN displayed a completely different Th1/Th2/Treg expression profile compared to the liver. Primoinfections with F. hepatica in HLN induced a mixed Th1/Th2/Treg environment from early stages, establishing a Th2 immune response at a late stage. However, the reinfected sheep exerted a Th2 immune response at early stages led by the IL-4 expression in opposition to the Th1/Th2/Treg found in the liver, meanwhile at late stages the HLN of reinfected sheep exerted a mixed Th1/Th2/Treg immune response. This is the first work publishing the expression of immune mediators in the liver and HLN from reinfected sheep with F. hepatica. The study of the immune responses exerted by the natural host in the target organs directly implied in the development of F. hepatica are crucial to better understand the immunopathogenesis of the fasciolosis being a key factor to develop effective vaccines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola hepatica primoinfections and reinfections in sheep drive distinct Th1/Th2/Treg immune responses in liver and hepatic lymph node at early and late stages

Ruiz-Campillo

Barrero-Torres

Abril

et al. 2023

Vet Res

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“…Fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica (in temperate zones) and Fasciola gigantica (in tropical zones), is one of the most widespread ruminant parasitic diseases and causes significant economic loss in the husbandry sector ( 1 , 2 ). The tropical liver fluke, F. gigantica, affects the vitality and reproduction of infected buffaloes; given the high infection rate in buffaloes, this poses a serious threat to buffalo farming in Africa and Asia ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary infection of Fasciola gigantica in buffaloes shows a similar pattern of serum cytokine secretion as in primary infection

et al. 2023

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BackgroundAs a natural host of Fasciola gigantica, buffalo is widely infected by F. gigantica. Its impact on buffalo production has caused great losses to the husbandry sector, and repeat infection is non-negligible. In buffaloes experimentally infected with F. gigantica, primary and secondary infection have yielded the same rate of fluke recovery, indicating a high susceptibility of buffalo to F. gigantica, which contributes to the high infection rate. Determining the immunological mechanism of susceptibility will deepen the understanding of the interaction between F. gigantica and buffalo. Here, we explored the immune response of buffaloes against primary and secondary F. gigantica infection, with a focus on cytokines’ dynamics explored through serum cytokine detection.MethodsBuffaloes were assigned to three groups: group A (noninfected, n = 4), group B (primary infection, n = 3), and group C (secondary infection, n = 3). Group B was infected via oral gavage with 250 viable F. gigantica metacercariae, and group C was infected twice with 250 metacercariae at an interval of 4 weeks. The second infection of group C was performed simultaneously with that of group B. Whole blood samples were collected pre-infection (0 weeks) and at 1–6, 10, and 12 weeks after that. The serum levels of seven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, and IL-17) were simultaneously determined using ELISA and further analyzed.ResultsIn the present study, no significant changes in Th1-type cytokines production were detected in early infection, both in primary and secondary infections, while the Th2-type response was strongly induced. A comparison of primary and secondary infection showed no significant difference in the cytokine secretion, which may indicate that the re-infection at 4 weeks after primary infection could not induce a robust adaptive immune response. The full extent of interaction between buffalo and F. gigantica in re-infection requires further study.

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“…It is difficult to truly equate the economic impact and prevalence of fasciolosis infection in goats as the reports often combine data from goat and sheep infections or combine the costs of several parasite infections in goats. One of the few studies depicting solely caprine fasciolosis determined that USD 27 million per year is lost in Nigeria from mortalities, liver condemnation and the loss of body mass from the chronic disease [ 39 ].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Caprine Fasciolosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status for Controlling the Overlooked Caprine Fasciolosis

Zerna

Spithill

Beddoe

2021

Animals

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The disease fasciolosis is caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, which infect a wide range of mammals and production livestock, including goats. These flatworm parasites are globally distributed and predicted to cost the livestock industry a now conservative USD 3 billion per year in treatment and lowered on-farm productivity. Infection poses a risk to animal welfare and results in lowered fertility rates and reduced production yields of meat, milk and wool. This zoonotic disease is estimated to infect over 600 million animals and up to 2.4 million humans. Current and future control is threatened with the global emergence of flukes resistant to anthelmintics. Drug resistance calls for immediate on-farm parasite management to ensure treatments are effective and re-infection rates are kept low, while a sustainable long-term control method, such as a vaccine, is being developed. Despite the recent expansion of the goat industry, particularly in developing countries, there are limited studies on goat-focused vaccine control studies and the effectiveness of drug treatments. There is a requirement to collate caprine-specific fasciolosis knowledge. This review will present the current status of liver fluke caprine infections and potential control methods for application in goat farming.

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Economic impact assessment of small ruminant fasciolosis in Nigeria using pooled prevalence obtained from literature and field epidemiological data

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Fasciola hepatica primoinfections and reinfections in sheep drive distinct Th1/Th2/Treg immune responses in liver and hepatic lymph node at early and late stages

Fasciola hepatica primoinfections and reinfections in sheep drive distinct Th1/Th2/Treg immune responses in liver and hepatic lymph node at early and late stages

Secondary infection of Fasciola gigantica in buffaloes shows a similar pattern of serum cytokine secretion as in primary infection

Current Status for Controlling the Overlooked Caprine Fasciolosis

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