“…The empirical and case study results generally indicate a positive, if small, but nonrobust and variable link from trade liberalization to economic growth. For Pakistan, studies generally find a positive link between trade liberalization and economic growth (see Iqbal & Zahid, 1998;Ahmad, Alam, & Butt, 2003;Din, Ghani, & Siddique, 2003;Khan & Qayyum, 2007), although some studies find no link (Ahmed, Butt, & Alam, 2000;Akbar & Naqvi 2000). There have been brief interludes when macroeconomic reform has clearly led to rapid export growth, such as after the 1972 devaluation (Kemal & Alvie, 1975) and with stabilization in the early 2000s (Lorie & Iqbal, 2005).…”