Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment

Arrow, Kenneth J.; Bolin, Bert; Costanza, Robert; Dasgupta, Partha; Folke, Carl; Holling, C. S.; Jansson, Bengt; Levin, Simon A.; Maler, KaR. L Goran; Perrings, Charles; Pimentel, David

doi:10.1017/s1355770x00000413

Cited by 163 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This has been used in support of findings of lower long-run income-elasticities of SWB at higher levels of income (Di Tella and MacCulloch 2010). A similar appeal to changing priorities as incomes grow has been used to explain the environmental Kuznets curve (Arrow et al 1995). Our results also show higher relative values attached to the non-economic aspects of life at higher average levels of income and institutions (the OECD definition tends to conflate these), although in our results this comes not from a declining income effect but from higher coefficients on other aspects of life.…”

Section: Using Subjective Well-being Data For International Comparisonssupporting

confidence: 68%

Viewpoint: Measuring and understanding subjective well‐being

Helliwell

Barrington‐Leigh

2010

Canadian J of Economics

150

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Abstract. Increasing attention is being paid in academic, policy, and public arenas to subjective measures of well-being. This promising trend represents a shift towards measuring positive outcomes in psychology and greater realism in the study of economic behaviour. We describe the main measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and provide examples of policy-relevant research findings, including new accountings of the differences in individual-level SWB assessments around the world and across Canada. These suggest a consistent pattern of life circumstances linked to SWB and highlight the importance of social factors whose role has otherwise been hard to quantify in income-equivalent terms.Mesurer et comprendre le bien-être subjectif . On porte de plus en plus d'attention aux mesures subjectives de bien-être dans les mondes de l'université, des politiques publiques et de l'opinion générale. Cette tendance prometteuse tendà accentuer un déplacement vers la mesure de résultats positifs en psychologie, et vers un plus grand réalisme dans l'étude du comportementéconomique. On décrit les principales mesures de bien-être subjectif (BES), et on donne des exemples de résultats de recherche qui ont une importance pour la définition de politiques, y compris de nouvelles comptabilités des différences dans leś evaluations des mesures de BES au plan individuel tant de par le monde qu'à travers le Canada. Voilà qui suggère un pattern consistent de niveaux de vie relié aux mesures de BES et qui souligne l'importance de facteurs sociaux dont le rôle est d'autre part difficilè a quantifier en termes d'équivalence de revenus.

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Section: Using Subjective Well-being Data For International Comparisonssupporting

confidence: 68%

Viewpoint: Measuring and understanding subjective well‐being

Helliwell

Barrington‐Leigh

2010

Canadian J of Economics

150

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“…The potential problems with estimating reduced-form models of income-environment relationships are detailed by Stern, Common and Barbier (1996). Reviews of the EKC literature and the EKC hypothesis are provided by Stern (1998), de Bruyn andHeintz (2000), Ekins (2000), Rothman and de Bruyn (1998) and Arrow et al (1995), among others. Useful summaries of EKC results are provided by de Bruyn and Heintz (2000 , Table 46.1), Ekins (2000, Table 7.A1), de Bruyn (2000, Table 5.1) and Stern (1998, 188, Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and the Environment in Canada: An Empirical Analysis

Day¹,

Grafton²

2003

Canadian J Agri Economics

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Standard reduced form models are estimated for Canada to examine the relationships between real per capita GDP and four measures of environmental degradation. Of the four chosen measures of environmental degradation, only concentrations of carbon monoxide appear to decline in the long run with increases in real per capita income. The data used in the reduced form models are also tested for the presence of unit roots and for the existence of cointegration between each of the measures of environmental degradation and per capita income. Unit root tests indicate nonstationarity in logs of the measures of environmental degradation and per capita income. The Engle-Granger test and the maximum eigenvalue test suggest that per capita income and the measures of environmental degradation are not cointegrated, or that a long-term relationship between the variables does not exist. Causality tests also indicate a bi-directional causality, rather a uni-directional causality, from income to the environment. The results suggest that Canada does not have the luxury of being able to grow out of its environmental problems. The implication is that to prevent further environmental degradation, Canada requires concerted policies and incentives to reduce pollution intensity per unit of output across sectors, to shift from more to less pollution-producing-outputs and to lower the environmental damage associated with aggregate consumption. JEL classification: Q2, C2

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“…Purely socioeconomic approaches avoid critical biophysical and ecological conditions• Biodiversity loss is both an ecological reality and a socially constructed problem (Dizard 1994;Soul6 & Lease 1995). As several authors suggest (National Research Council 1992;Meffe & Viederman 1995;Arrow et al 1995), interdisciplinary research is required if the complex pathways through which human actions affect biodiversity are to be better understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Human Factors That Affect the Loss of Biodiversity

Forester

Machlis²

1996

Conservation Biology

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Within conservation biology human factors are treated as driving forces of biodiversity loss, yet there are few empirical studies on how human actions affect biodiversity. We developed and tested an interdisciplinary model of biodiversity loss using socioeconomic and ecological data from 107 countries and structural equation modeling techniques. Some portions of the model fit the data well, other parts were less predictive. Counterintuitive results may be a result of the quality and availability of cross‐national data and statistical limitations in testing a model of such complex processes. This model test provides insight into future research needs for examining human impacts on biodiversity. Issues including data quality, temporal and spatial scale, and model refinement are outlined. The results highlight the importance of relations between human social systems and biodiversity and the potential of interdisciplinary research.

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Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment

Abstract: The paper by Arrow et al. and the responses are offered below without comment. It is hoped that the forum makes a useful contribution to the debate.

Cited by 163 publications

References 8 publications

Viewpoint: Measuring and understanding subjective well‐being

Viewpoint: Measuring and understanding subjective well‐being

Growth and the Environment in Canada: An Empirical Analysis

Modeling Human Factors That Affect the Loss of Biodiversity

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