Economic Growth and Structural Change in the Long Nineteenth Century

Gallman, Robert E.

doi:10.1017/chol9780521553070.002

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Land -1800-1840-1900Gallman (2000, and Gardner, Figure 1.1. The growth rate of land of 2.17 is the average for the period 1840-1900.…”

Section: Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Growth: Lessons from Two Centuries of American Agriculture

Mundlak

2005

Journal of Economic Literature

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This paper reviews the growth experience of U.S. agriculture over the past two centuries in consonance with the view that growth is determined by the economic environment, which consists of the available technology, incentives, constraints, and institutions. Within this framework, the implemented technology is determined jointly with the resource allocation. The review covers the role played by resource endowment, resource flow, technical change and its factor bias, and product demand. It highlights the importance of the income elasticity of demand and the labor augmentation of the technical change. The total factor productivity (TFP) was almost nil at the beginning of the nineteenth century, increasing gradually to the point where it exhausted output growth in the latter part of the twentieth century. This pattern is consistent with the postulate emerging from this framework, where the TFP is endogenous and determined jointly with growth rather than determining it. The more recent performance of U.S. agriculture is placed within a global perspective in order to generalize the discussion.

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“…Land -1800-1840-1900Gallman (2000, and Gardner, Figure 1.1. The growth rate of land of 2.17 is the average for the period 1840-1900.…”

Section: Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Growth: Lessons from Two Centuries of American Agriculture

Mundlak

2005

Journal of Economic Literature

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“…Source: See text for calculations. Nominal GNP in 1807 is assumed to be $680 million, from Gallman (2000), p. 7. The share of domestic exports and shipping earnings in GNP was 13.4 percent in 1807; the share of imports for domestic consumption in GNP was 12.5 percent in that year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Welfare Cost of Autarky: Evidence from the Jeffersonian Trade Embargo, 1807-1809

Irwin¹

2001

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The United States came close to complete autarky in 1808 as a result of a self-imposed embargo on international shipping from December 1807 to March 1809. Monthly prices of exported and imported goods reveal the embargo's striking effect on commodity markets and allow a calculation of its welfare effects. A simple general equilibrium calculation suggests that the embargo cost about 8 percent of America's 1807 GNP, at a time when the trade share was about 13 percent (domestic exports and shipping earnings). The welfare cost was lower than the trade share because the embargo did not completely eliminate trade and because domestic producers successfully shifted production toward previously imported manufactured goods.

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“…Specifically, Easterlin (1976) shows that when most of the land in a given state was farmed, out-migration started and the state's demography became driven mostly by natural increase. Gallman (1992Gallman ( , 2000 emphasizes the importance of land-improvement activities. The large areas of land-the stock of improved land was multiplied by a factor of about 16 between 1800 and 1900-in the West were no free lunch.…”

Section: Factsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The American frontier: Technology versus immigration

Vandenbroucke

2008

Review of Economic Dynamics

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How important was international immigration for the US and its demography during the nineteenth century? This paper investigates, quantitatively, its effect on the westward movement of population and the regional and secular changes in fertility. Beside immigration, two alternative forces are considered: technological progress and the land policy (the Homestead Act). An optimal growth model with endogenous fertility and migration is calibrated, and counterfactual experiments reveal that the main driving forces were productivity growth and the declining cost of transportation. International immigration played a lesser role.

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Economic Growth and Structural Change in the Long Nineteenth Century

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Economic Growth: Lessons from Two Centuries of American Agriculture

Economic Growth: Lessons from Two Centuries of American Agriculture

The Welfare Cost of Autarky: Evidence from the Jeffersonian Trade Embargo, 1807-1809

The American frontier: Technology versus immigration

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