Economic Growth and Cash Flows: Application to the Industrial Sector in the Departments of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca (Colombia)

Abstract

Objective: to determine the relationship between companies in the departments of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca. Methodology: that the industrial companies of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca reported to the Superintendency of Corporations between 1995 and 2013. The analysis was conducted with 102 companies in Antioquia and 65 in Valle, which * Antioquia: Department located in the northwest of Colombia, characterized by being one of the departments with the greatest industrial boom that Colombia has had in recent decades. Valle del Cauca: department located in western Colombia, characterized by large sugar cane crops and the largest producer of sugar and fuel alcohol in Colombia.

Insecticide Resistance and Its Intensity in Populations of Malaria Vectors in Colombia

“…We observed changes in resistance compared to results previously obtained by the IRSN [7, 8, 12, 14]. The populations of An.…”

“…darlingi from Tagachi and Bocas de Pune and the poulation of An. albimanus from Pangui continue to present results compatible with resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, although the percentages of mortality observed during this study were much higher (80.1%-97.8%) than those reported in previous studies (20.4 and 89%) [7, 8, 12]. These differences in mortality results may be due to the different genotype frequencies associated with the involved resistance mechanisms in the mosquitoes tested now compared with the mosquitoes tested in the past, as it has been found with kdr mutation in An.…”

“…albimanus populations collected in the states of Antioquia, Valle del Cauca and Chocó. Studies by Fonseca-González et al 2009b [10] and INS 2015 [12] documented insecticide resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, malathion, fenitrothion, and DDT in An. nuneztovari s.l.…”

“…An. darlingi collected in Antioquia, Chocó, Putumayo and Santander showed resistance to alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, fenitrothion, propoxur, and DDT [7, 9, 11, 12]. …”