Economic evaluations of cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and quality evaluation

Illness trajectories of incurable solid cancers

“…Immunotherapy and targeted therapy may cost up to £100 000 (€110 000) a year per patient 1940. In high income countries, more than half of all incurable solid cancers can be treated with immunotherapy or targeted therapy,1930 whereas patients from most low and middle income countries do not have access to these treatments, and so the illness trajectories linked to these therapies are largely irrelevant 41…”

Nanoparticle-Mediated Hyperthermia and Cytotoxicity Mechanisms in Cancer

“…The limited bioavailability of certain traditional drugs as well as acquired resistance to treatment are additional key limitations of precision therapy. A variety of novel treatments, such as gene therapy, has been arising throughout years; nevertheless, such approaches are currently neglected from widespread use due to their complexity and expensiveness [ 6 ]. For example, although vaccines for certain cancer types have been developed, only one has been granted Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to date [ 7 ].…”