Economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Finland

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children <5 y of age. A Markov simulation model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of 4 doses (assumed 50.5 euros per dose) of PCV7 with no intervention. Only direct effects of the vaccine were taken into account. In Finland, vaccination of a birth cohort of 57,500 healthy infants would potentially prevent annually 60 cases of invasive PD, 1,400 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia, 15,000 episodes of acute otitis media, 3,000 otological surgery procedures and 0.9 deaths in children aged <5 y. Investing 12.0 million euros to vaccinate a birth cohort would save annually 6.3 million euros in medical, and 2.0 million euros in productivity and other, costs. Therefore, investing 1 euros in a vaccination programme would return 0.53 euros in medical costs and 0.70 euros in societal costs. In the base case, vaccination would cost society 139,986 euros per life y gained. To achieve cost savings from a health care provider (societal) perspective, without considering herd effects or replacement phenomenon, the price of PCV7 should be 50% (70%) of the price used in the base case.

Economic Evaluation of Childhood 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination in Korea

“…Decision analytic models similar to that reported in the present study were used in economic evaluations for PCV-7 in the United States, 19 Australia, 22 Finland, 23 and the Netherlands, 58 and for the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine in Korea. 59 This type of model can be used to compare the cost-effectiveness of a vaccination with no vaccination option as newer vaccines are introduced.…”

“…The conceptual framework for this decision tree has been extensively reported in the literature. 19,[21][22][23] The analyses were performed primarily from a societal perspective over a 5-year time horizon. Approximately 75% of invasive pneumococcal diseases in children occur before the age of 5 years.…”

Cost effectiveness analysis of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Germany considering herd immunity effects

“…A number of previous economic evaluations have been conducted in 12 different countries: Australia [13], Belgium [6], Germany [14,44], Finland [62], Italy [45], Canada [16,24,40,49], the Netherlands [10], Norway [77], Spain [1,50], Switzerland [21], the UK [46][47][48], and the USA [30,43,55,73]. All studies comprise a decisionanalytic model.…”

“…Exceptions are Germany, Norway, Austria, and the Slovakian Republic [12]. To avoid a bias Wisloff et al [77] and Salo et al [62] took the net vaccine price. To guarantee the comparability in the sensitivity analysis a similar approach is chosen.…”

Surveillance for vaccine‐preventable diseases

“…Recently, use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children, via a similar mechanism of reducing upper respiratory tract carriage of vaccine-specific serotypes, has resulted in major reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease among adults and the elderly in the USA [31]. These indirect effects have clear implications to cost-effectiveness calculations, which, if failing to include indirect effects in the model [32,33], lead to a gross underestimate of the overall impact of the vaccine on a population level [34,35].…”