Economic Distance to Gather Agricultural Residues from the Field to the Integrated Biomass Logistic Centre: A Spanish Case-Study

Suardi, Alessandro; Bergonzoli, Simone; Alfano, Vincenzo; Scarfone, A.; Pari, Luigi

doi:10.3390/en12163086

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The agricultural sector is one of the main suppliers of biomass through planting specific bioenergy crops or using cropland residues [2]. This component of crop is constituted by the non-edible plant parts that are not collected and usually left on the field [3]. Considering the European Renewable Energy Directive (RED II, directive 2018/2001/EU), the advantages of using agricultural residues for energy production are, on the one hand, the non-need for additional land and the non-competition with the food industry, and on the other hand to turn an untapped product with a disposal cost, into an economic advantage for farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection

Bergonzoli¹,

Suardi²,

Rezaie³

et al. 2020

Energies

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Maize and wheat are two of the most widespread crops worldwide because of their high yield and importance for food, chemical purposes and livestock feed. Some of the residues of these crops (i.e., maize cob and wheat chaff) remain in the field after grain harvesting. In Europe, just maize cob and grain chaff could provide an annual potential biomass of 9.6 Mt and 54.8 Mt, respectively. Collecting such a biomass could be of interest for bioenergy production and could increase farmers’ income. Progress in harvest technology plays a key role in turning untapped by-products into valuable feedstocks. This article presents a study of the performance and the quality of the work of Harcob, an innovative system developed for maize cob collection. Furthermore, the feasibility of using the Harcob system to also harvest wheat chaff during wheat harvesting was also verified. The results showed that it was possible to harvest 1.72 t ha−1 and 0.67 t ha−1 of cob and chaff, respectively, without affecting the harvesting performance of the combine. The profit achievable from harvesting the corn cob was around 4%, while no significant economic benefits were observed during the harvesting of wheat chaff with the Harcob system. The use of cereal by-products for energy purposes may allow the reduction of CO2 from fossil fuel between 0.7 to 2.2 t CO2 ha−1. The Harcob system resulted suitable to harvest such different and high potential crop by-products and may represent a solution for farmers investing in the bioenergy production chain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection

Bergonzoli¹,

Suardi²,

Rezaie³

et al. 2020

Energies

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“…Based on the interviews, this is the distance where the farmers could contribute to transporting the bales from the farm to the depot by using their own machinery such as tractors, buckets, or trailers. This arrangement would be similar to the simulation model paper by Thorsell et al [ 59 ] and the idea of an integrated biomass logistics center proposed by Suardi et al [ 60 ]. Thus, there would be no need to drive by truck to the fields, which is especially harmful during rainy autumn, making deep tire marks on the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Utilizing and Valorizing Oat and Barley Straw as an Alternative Source of Lignocellulosic Fibers

et al. 2022

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The transition to sustainable, biodegradable, and recyclable materials requires new sources of cellulose fibers that are already used in large volumes by forest industries. Oat and barley straws provide interesting alternatives to wood fibers in lightweight material applications because of their similar chemical composition. Here we investigate processing and material forming concepts, which would enable strong fiber network structures for various applications. The idea is to apply mild pretreatment processing that could be distributed locally so that the logistics of the raw material collection could be made efficient. The actual material production would then combine foam-forming and hot-pressing operations that allow using all fractions of fiber materials with minimal waste. We aimed to study the technical features of this type of processing on a laboratory scale. The homogeneity of the sheet samples was very much affected by whether the raw material was mechanically refined or not. Straw fibers did not form a bond spontaneously with one another after drying the sheets, but their effective bonding required a subsequent hot pressing operation. The mechanical properties of the formed materials were at a similar level as those of the conventional wood-fiber webs. In addition to the technical aspects of materials, we also discuss the business opportunities and system-level requirements of using straw as an alternative source of lignocellulosic fibers.

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“…Globally, an overall increase has been recorded in farmer income after the adaptation of excess residue removal and its utilization as feedstock for power generation (Suardi et al 2019). The Indian government has been recommending various technologies for the ex situ utilization of crop residues packaged as briquettes or pellets via pyrolysis (biochar), bio-methanation (biogas), conversion to biofuels such as bio-compressed natural gas and bio-diesel (CII and NITI Aayog 2018).…”

Section: Benefits Of Ex Situ Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice residue burning in Northern India: an assessment of environmental concerns and potential solutions – a review

Parihar

Narang

Dogra

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Environmental alarms like climate change and rising air pollution levels in north India, particularly in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), draw attention to the severe issue of Rice straw burning. Straw burning is the common practice in Punjab and Haryana's Indo-Gangetic plains. Large-scale burning of residues (straw and stubble) is a severe problem that emits Green House Gases (GHGs) while polluting the air, posing health problems, and eliminating micronutrients from burned-out field. Residue management has been a problem for the paddy farmers and as time changes, it is necessary to update their practices. For the disposal of rice residue, farmers are constrained by an insufficient technology base and a lack of viable economic solutions. Technical solutions are available, classified mainly as on-site (in-situ) and off-site (ex-situ) solutions, the in-situ solution includes a variety of machines that can be used to incorporate or mulch residue efficiently. While ex-situ management allow collecting the residue from field for various applications such as energy production, briquetting, composting, paper and cardboard making, and for mushroom cultivation. Farmers in North India are not aware of the prolific alternatives for managing stubble and, therefore, consider burning as the best option. Therefore, extensive awareness programs are needed to inform farmers about economic options and the effects of stubble burning. Zero till drill, happy seeder and super Straw Management System (SMS) are recommended for the farmers, and need to be supplied in sufficient quantity to evade residue burning in these regions. Meanwhile, alternative technology for straw management constitutes an active area of research, area-specific and crop-specific applications need to be evolved. All stakeholders i.e., farmers, researchers, extension agents and policy makers need to be engaged in understanding and harnessing the full potential of using crop residues with conservation agriculture for sustainability and resilience of Indian agriculture.

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Economic Distance to Gather Agricultural Residues from the Field to the Integrated Biomass Logistic Centre: A Spanish Case-Study

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection

An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection

Utilizing and Valorizing Oat and Barley Straw as an Alternative Source of Lignocellulosic Fibers

Rice residue burning in Northern India: an assessment of environmental concerns and potential solutions – a review

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