Economic Development, Migration, and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia: A Preliminary Observation

The triumph of instrumental citizenship? Migrations, identities, and the nation‐state in Southeast Asia

“…3 The territorial boundaries of states in Southeast Asia are being contested through campaigns for self-determination and independence, with obvious implications for citizenship and national belonging. What until now has been seen as "internal" migration under central state sponsorship, generating ethnic conflict in the process (Tirtosudarmo 1997(Tirtosudarmo , 1998, would have serious ramifications if places such as East Timor, or perhaps West Papua, were to become separate states. The relationship between this type of migration and citizenship is beyond the scope of this paper.…”

Quotidian institutions and identity formation: Explaining patterns of identity salience in Maluku, Indonesia

“…As feared by the RMS, the region held very little economic or political power in postcolonial Indonesia. The national government did very little to invest in development in Eastern Indonesia in general, privileging the Western islands of Sumatra and Java (Tirtosudarmo, 1997). For example, funds were directed to rice production, the staple crop grown primarily in Western Indonesia.…”

Paths to Peace: Contending Discourses on Communal Violence and Conflict in the Post-New Order Indonesia

“…Similar disparities occurred also among different enthic groups of the pribumi population. Migration in some cases through transmigration programme has also resulted in the inequal economic well-being between the migrants and the local populations, such as the case in Maluku, Kalimantan and Papua (Tirtosudarmo 1997). This has been a potential root cause for conflict, fuelling resentment due to the sense of economic misfortune, the feeling of being marginalised, and the loss of cultural identity.…”

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Abstract

This paper discusses actual discourses that have shaped the ways in which violent (1997, 1999), Central Kalimantan (2001), Maluku (1999), North Maluku (1999-2000 and Central Sulawesi (2000Sulawesi ( -2001 as having been communal in character (Trijono 2004).1 These communal 1 These communal conflicts should be differentiated from other tye of conflict which also taking place in Indonesia, known as separatist or successionistconflict. While communal conflicts are conflict taking place between different factions of the societies, separatist conflicts involve not only factions of societies but also the state.

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