Economic Development and International Trade

Khan, Ashfaque H.; Saqib, Najam

doi:10.1080/10168739300000005

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…According to Khan and Saqib (1993), there is a strong correlation between industrial policy instruments and export performance indicator, and empirical results confirm the presence of cointegration among exports and output growth, export growth performance and diversification and structural change in exports for Pakistan over the period of 1973-1998. Arslan and Tatlıdil (2012) conducted a study on the determinants of export diversification around the world, which concludes that export concentration using Gini coefficient as the dependent variable with trade openness, human capital, remoteness, terms of trade, import Kharel (2016) emphasizes that competitiveness in the manufacturing sector and export diversification play a key role.…”

Section: The Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Comparative Analysis of the Industrial Policy Impact on Export Performance in the Military and Democratic Regime of Pakistan

Azam

2020

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Since independence, the economy has always suffered from the power struggle between democracy and autocracy, which significantly damaged the economy and gave birth to different economic issues, the export sector being one of the top most affected. Once titled among Asian Tigers, the country’s export overseas yields even to Bangladesh. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of industrial policy on export performance under democracy and autocracy. Many authors and past studies have argued that Pakistan lacks the long-term farsighted industrial policy. The paper considers the industrial policy instruments, import tariff, export subsidy, export rebate, R&D expenditures, industrial expenditures and export processing zone, while export sophistication, export diversification and export competitiveness are used as indicators of export performance from 1980 till 2018. The result of the study indicates that the democracy type of a regime promotes industrialization with expanding export base and competitiveness, while the autocratic type of a regime is helpful in producing sophisticated goods. The analysis is focused on the descriptive basis by comparing the changes and growth in democracy and autocracy, while the Error Correction Model has been applied to see the adjustment of shocks and structural changes. Export sophistication and export diversification show a significant convergent effect, while export competitiveness demonstrates a divergent relation with our independent variables. The findings suggest that it is of sheer necessary to have a long-term farsighted industrial policy under conditions of stability to attract more and more investment in the economy to sophisticate, diversify and promote competitiveness.

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Section: The Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Comparative Analysis of the Industrial Policy Impact on Export Performance in the Military and Democratic Regime of Pakistan

Azam

2020

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“…The above equation is simplified form of difference equation that tell us about short run relationship among variables through differencing them, but in the current study we are interested in both short run and long run relationship, therefore we need to look out both short and long run relationship and since the time series have different set of integration order. (Ademola, 2012) (Ahmad, 2000) (Zahoor, 1988) (Khan & Saqib, 1993) argued that if the data are different in orders of integration, ARDL approach is best suitable method because H0: β0= α = Ф1= Ф2= Ф3=0 H1: β0≠α ≠Ф1≠Ф2≠ Ф3≠0…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Analysis of Fiscal Sustainability and Optimal Level of Debt in Pakistan

2020

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Through the current study it’s been tried to discuss that how fiscal sustainability is impacted by the debt which is taken by countries in order to push their economy towards prosperity and growth in Pakistan. Because the economy is considering vulnerable in terms of Public debt due to huge fiscal deficit in the economy. The ARDL approach is being applied by taking GDP as dependent variable while public debt, total revenues, government expenditures and interest rate are been taken as independent variable. The findings of the study suggested that there is strong and significant relationship exist between focused variables. Public debt is negatively associated with GDP in both short run and long run, while government expenditure give positive and significant relationship with GDP and interestingly total revenue give negative significant relationship in long run that supported the argument that the high revenues in developing nations inversely affects the investment that is pillar of GDP, so it adversely affected. The interest rate is positively significant in long run but in short run its negatively related with GDP because it affects cost of capital. The findings of study attract the attention of policy makers that we need either debt reduction strategies or either to minimize the gap between public revenues and public expenditures to promote sustain economic growth in the economy.

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Exports and economic growth:some empirical evidence from the Arab Gulf countries

Al-Yousif¹

1997

Applied Economics

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This paper investigates the relationship between exports and economic growth in four of the Arab Gulf countries, namely, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, and Oman for the period 1973-93. The estimates presented indicate a positive and significant relation between the two variables. Also, the statistical adequacy of the models used is supported by the following diagnostic tests. The Bruesch-Godfrey statistic suggests the absence of serial correlation. The Farely-Hinich test fails to reject the null hypothesis that the models are structurally stable. And both the White and Hausman specification tests show that the models are correctly specified.

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Economic Development and International Trade

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

The Comparative Analysis of the Industrial Policy Impact on Export Performance in the Military and Democratic Regime of Pakistan

The Comparative Analysis of the Industrial Policy Impact on Export Performance in the Military and Democratic Regime of Pakistan

Empirical Analysis of Fiscal Sustainability and Optimal Level of Debt in Pakistan

Exports and economic growth:some empirical evidence from the Arab Gulf countries

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