Economic cycles and child mortality: A cross-national study of the least developed countries

Pérez‐Moreno, Salvador; Blanco-Arana, M. Carmen; Bárcena‐Martín, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2016.02.005

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In economics, by definition, the country is going through an economic crisis when it has a fall in GDP in two consecutive quarters. As quarterly data are not available for all countries, we chose to use a methodology found in previous studies 6,7,18 and the effects of the crisis were considered by analyzing the impacts of fluctuations of economic indicators on child health. Thus, four economic indicators were selected: per capita GDP, inflation rate, unemployment rate and misery index.…”

Section: Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing studies have observed that infant mortality rates increase when the per capita GDP decreases 6,8,14,[17][18][19] and when unemployment 7 and inflation rates increase 7 . However, these studies are based on groups of countries, whether high-income 19,20 , or middle-and low-income ones 5,7,14,17,18 . Only one has assessed high-, middle-and low-income countries altogether 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crises econômicas, mortalidade de crianças e o papel protetor do gasto público em saúde

Tejada

Triaca

Liermann

et al. 2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como as crises econômicas afetam a saúde infantil a nível global e entre subgrupos de países com diferentes níveis de renda. Foram utilizados dados do Banco Mundial e da OMS para 127 países entre os anos de 1995 e 2014. Foi utilizado um modelo de efeitos fixos, avaliando o efeito da mudança em indicadores macroeconômicos (PIB per capita, taxa de desemprego e de inflação, e taxa de desconforto) na taxa de mortalidade neonatal, infantil, e de menores de cinco anos. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a modificação do efeito da associação de acordo com a renda dos países e também a influência do gasto público em saúde nessa relação. As evidências mostraram que piores indicadores econômicos (menor PIB per capita e maiores inflação, taxa de desemprego e taxa de desconforto) estão associados com maiores taxas de mortalidade infantil. Nas subamostras por estrato de renda, observa-se a mesma relação, porém com efeitos de maior magnitude entre os países de renda baixa e média. Verificou-se ainda que um maior percentual nos gastos públicos em saúde ameniza os efeitos dos indicadores econômicos nas taxas de mortalidade infantil. Desta forma, é necessário aumentar a atenção aos efeitos nocivos das crises macroeconômicas para garantir melhorias na saúde infantil.

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Section: Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crises econômicas, mortalidade de crianças e o papel protetor do gasto público em saúde

Tejada

Triaca

Liermann

et al. 2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yet even that national tragedy is small compared to the human cost of poverty and AGW. The global number of under-five deaths per year decreased from over 1.2 × 10 7 in 1990 to 7.6 × 10 6 in 2010 (Pérez-Moreno et al, 2016). Between 5 and 14 years of age, 10 6 children are dying yearly from mainly preventable causes (Fadel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Semi-quantitative Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Cost of Anthropogenic Global Warming: Semi-Quantitative Prediction and the 1,000-Tonne Rule

Parncutt

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Greenhouse-gas emissions are indirectly causing future deaths by multiple mechanisms. For example, reduced food and water supplies will exacerbate hunger, disease, violence, and migration. How will anthropogenic global warming (AGW) affect global mortality due to poverty around and beyond 2100? Roughly, how much burned fossil carbon corresponds to one future death? What are the psychological, medical, political, and economic implications? Predicted death tolls are crucial for policy formulation, but uncertainty increases with temporal distance from the present and estimates may be biased. Order-of-magnitude estimates should refer to literature from diverse relevant disciplines. The carbon budget for 2°C AGW (roughly 1012 tonnes carbon) will indirectly cause roughly 109 future premature deaths (10% of projected maximum global population), spread over one to two centuries. This zeroth-order prediction is relative and in addition to existing preventable death rates. It lies between likely best- and worst-case scenarios of roughly 3 × 108 and 3 × 109, corresponding to plus/minus one standard deviation on a logarithmic scale in a Gaussian probability distribution. It implies that one future premature death is caused every time roughly 1,000 (300–3,000) tonnes of carbon are burned. Therefore, any fossil-fuel project that burns millions of tons of carbon is probably indirectly killing thousands of future people. The prediction may be considered valid, accounting for multiple indirect links between AGW and death rates in a top-down approach, but unreliable due to the uncertainty of climate change feedback and interactions between physical, biological, social, and political climate impacts (e.g., ecological cascade effects and co-extinction). Given universal agreement on the value of human lives, a death toll of this unprecedented magnitude must be avoided at all costs. As a clear political message, the “1,000-tonne rule” can be used to defend human rights, especially in developing countries, and to clarify that climate change is primarily a human rights issue.

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“…The adverse effect of the economic crisis on health is likely to be higher in the overall population of low‐income countries (Suhrcke & Stuckler, ). Recent studies have shown the nonlinear effects of business cycles on health and mortality (Cutler, Huang, & Lleras‐Muney, ; Perez‐Moreno, Blanco‐Arana, & Barcena‐Martin, ).…”

Section: Health and Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human circadian clock from health to economics

Koritala

Çakmaklı

2018

PsyCh Journal

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In the course of evolution, health is prioritized for human well-being and economies. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that modern life habits, including eating habits, and living and working conditions, can deteriorate health through circadian misalignment. This has been most commonly observed with urban societies and working classes of non-standard working schedules (NSWSs), such as shift work, night work, and overtime work. Poor health conditions with NSWSs generate economic burden for the modern society. Therefore, we attempt to provide a systematic approach to understanding the relations among the circadian clock, health, and economics. To understand these connections, we review the mechanisms of the human circadian clock and how modern living conditions can misalign the circadian system and associated health consequences. We also emphasize the importance of health for the modern economy and the economic costs of health disorders associated with circadian disruption and NSWSs.

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Economic cycles and child mortality: A cross-national study of the least developed countries

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Crises econômicas, mortalidade de crianças e o papel protetor do gasto público em saúde

Crises econômicas, mortalidade de crianças e o papel protetor do gasto público em saúde

The Human Cost of Anthropogenic Global Warming: Semi-Quantitative Prediction and the 1,000-Tonne Rule

The human circadian clock from health to economics

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