Economic consequences of better health: insights from clinical data

Ogbuoji, Osondu; Vollmer, Sebastián; Jamison, Dean T.; Bärnighausen, Till

doi:10.1136/bmj.m2186

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Investing in health among poor families not only benefits individuals, but the societies they live in. Reducing the risk of CHE encourages health seeking behaviors improving health outcomes, and subsequently improves economic outcomes [57,58]. The link between poverty reduction, including reducing health-related OOP expenditures should be highlighted to policy makers working towards reducing income inequality in their country.…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the global impact of reducing out-of-pocket costs for children’s surgical care

Smith,

Espinoza,

Metcalf

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Over 1.7 billion children lack access to surgical care, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with substantial risks of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and impoverishment. Increasing interest in reducing out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures as a tool to reduce the rate of poverty is growing. However, the impact of reducing OOP expenditures on CHE remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global impact of reducing OOP expenditures for pediatric surgical care on the risk of CHE within and between countries. Our goal was to estimate the impact of reducing OOP expenditures for surgical care in children for 149 countries by modeling the risk of CHE under various scale-up scenarios using publicly available World Bank data. Scenarios included reducing OOP expenditures from baseline levels to paying 70%, 50%, 30%, and 10% of OOP expenditures. We also compared the impact of these reductions across income quintiles (poorest, poor, middle, rich, richest) and differences by country income level (low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries).Reducing OOP expenditures benefited people from all countries and income quintiles, although the benefits were not equal. The risk of CHE due to a surgical procedure for children was highest in low-income countries. An unexpected observation was that upper-middle income countries were at higher risk for CHE than LMICs. The most vulnerable regions were Africa and Latin America. Across all countries, the poorest quintile had the greatest risk for CHE. Increasing interest in financial protection programs to reduce OOP expenditures is growing in many areas of global health. Reducing OOP expenditures benefited people from all countries and income quintiles, although the benefits were not equal across countries, wealth groups, or even by wealth groups within countries. Understanding these complexities is critical to develop appropriate policies to minimize the risks of poverty.

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Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the global impact of reducing out-of-pocket costs for children’s surgical care

Smith,

Espinoza,

Metcalf

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Data on monthly food consumption were collected, and using food composition tables from the Malaysian Food Composition Database (2020), data on the number of different foods consumed were converted to calories to get an estimate of household calorie consumption (De Haen et al, 2011). We adopt from calorie-intake inventory (Strauss, 1986), which is later commonly used in agricultural economics research such as Glewwe et al (2001), Ogbuoji et al (2020), and Strauss and Thomas (1998). The total household calorie consumption from the 30-day recall was then divided by 30 to obtain a calorie value per day.…”

Section: Variable Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Nutrition Really Matter for the Productivity of Smallholder Farmers?

Tilai¹,

You²

2021

JSSH

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Household-level data from Malaysia Smallholder paddy farmers are used to test whether higher caloric intake enhances family farm labour productivity. This study contests the notion behind the efficiency wages hypothesis. Farmers’ productivity is estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis. To avoid estimation bias from reverse causality, we utilize a two-stage least square approach by choosing prices, household demography, and farm assets as instrumental variables. The results show that high caloric intake significantly affects farmers’ productivity in a non-linear relationship. Farmers with obesity and overweight conditions produce less per unit of inputs and supply more labour than farmers with normal BMI and normal weight. The model results show that production inefficiency increases significantly with the high consumption calories, high BMI, and obesity of farmers providing solid support for the nutrition-productivity hypothesis. The marginal effect on productivity falls drastically as caloric intake increases. These outcomes recommend that investing in the health sector in rural areas will improve farmer productivity. Policymakers should develop approaches that will maximize agricultural investments’ contribution to agricultural productivity and the overall rural economy.

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“…Wealth before health. Elsewhere, the role of health in generating wealth, and the emerging evidence behind it, is better understood 2. The European Union, for example, has announced a €750bn (£680bn; $860bn) coronavirus recovery fund 3.…”

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confidence: 99%