Economic competitiveness of pultruded fiber composites for wind turbine applications

Ennis, B.L.; Das, S.; Norris, R.E.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110960

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Currently, wind power has become the main force of clean energy generation [ 4 ]. Although the installed capacity of wind power is on a growth trend, the manufacturing of wind turbine blades is still difficult, complex and expensive [ 5 , 6 ]. Wind turbine blades vary in size and do not use exactly the same materials [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Regulation of the Cross-Linking Structure in Polyurethane: Achieving Outstanding Processing and Mechanical Properties for a Wind Turbine Blade

Jiang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Although epoxy resin has been extensively used in the field of wind turbine blades, polyurethane has attracted much attention in recent years, due to its potential value of better fatigue resistance, lower processing viscosity and higher strength than epoxy resin blades. Herein, we construct a dense cross-linking structure in polyurethane (PU) based on different amounts of hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) with low processing viscosity and excellent mechanical properties. By increasing the content of HPMA, the thermal stability of PU is enhanced, but the micro-morphology does not change significantly. When the content of HPMA is 50 g (in 200 g copolymer), the PU sample PH-50 exhibits a viscosity of 70 MPa·s and a gelation time of 120 min at 25 °C, which is sufficient to complete processes like pouring and filling. By post-curing the PH-50 at 80 °C for 2 h, the heat distortion temperature can reach 72 °C, indicating the increase of temperature resistance. The PU copolymers also have excellent mechanical and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties due to the cross-linking structure between PU chains and poly-HPMA chains. Additionally, the PU copolymer has excellent compatibility with various glass fiber fabrics (GFF), showing a good match in the vacuum infusion experiment and great properties in the mechanical test. By compounding PH-50 with GFF, the composite with high strength is easily prepared for a wind turbine blade in various positions. The tensile strengths of the composites are all over 1000 MPa in the 0° direction. Such composites are promising for the future development of wind turbine blades that meet the stringent requirements for outstanding processing and mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Regulation of the Cross-Linking Structure in Polyurethane: Achieving Outstanding Processing and Mechanical Properties for a Wind Turbine Blade

Jiang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…For example, prepreg and pultrusion play increasingly important roles in future large-scale blade manufacturing. Ennis et al [10] reported that pultruded fibre-reinforced polymers exhibit the highest mechanical properties among unidirectional composites, characterised by a high degree of fibre orientation and consistent properties. As compared to VARTM, this method exhibits superior fibre alignment and more consistent properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Process Technology on Properties of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Blade Composite Spar Cap

Sun,

Hu,

2024

Energies

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As wind turbine blade length increases, reconciling lightweight design with strength necessitates continuous advancements in process technology. The impact of three different process technologies–vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM), prepreg, and pultrusion–on the properties of wind turbine blade composite spar caps was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and static and fatigue testing. The results demonstrated that the fibre weight content and 0° tensile modulus of the VARTM and pultrusion composites increased as compared to those of the prepreg samples. Subsequently, the properties of a 94-m blade were analysed using the Ansys Composite PrepPost (ACP) and static structure modules in Ansys simulations, and the weights of the spar cap were compared with test data of materials under different process technologies. The results showed that the masses of the spar cap of a 94-m blade in the pultrusion, VARTM, and prepreg processes were 7965, 9170, and 9942 kg, respectively. The quantitative influence rules on the weight of the wind turbine blade spar cap prepared through different process technologies were formulated. The findings of this study are promising and are expected to aid the development of wind turbine blade process technologies.

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High‐performance, semi‐bio‐based degradable epoxy resins and their application to recyclable carbon fiber composites

Yu,

Xiao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymer International

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Epoxy resins containing dynamic covalent networks enable recycling of carbon fiber composites. However, simultaneous realization of high performance and mild condition recycling of composites is still a challenge. In the present work, we mixed citric acid epoxy resin with bisphenol A epoxy resin to form a hybrid resin (DER) that meets the requirements of medium temperature curing epoxy resin, and prepared a carbon fiber reinforced resin composite material (DER@CF) that can rapidly degrade and recycle carbon fibers under mild conditions. The Tg of the DER was 125.67 °C, and the tensile strength (79.63 MPa) was comparable to that of the bisphenol A epoxy resin (79.90 MPa). It degraded rapidly after 2 h in ethylene glycol (EG) solution at 120 °C. The tensile strength of DER@CF was 825 MPa, and clean fibers could be obtained after 8 h of treatment in EG solution at 120 °C. The results of SEM, Raman, and tensile tests showed that the recycled fibers were similar to the original fibers in terms of morphology, chemical structure, and mechanical properties.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Economic competitiveness of pultruded fiber composites for wind turbine applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Efficient Regulation of the Cross-Linking Structure in Polyurethane: Achieving Outstanding Processing and Mechanical Properties for a Wind Turbine Blade

Efficient Regulation of the Cross-Linking Structure in Polyurethane: Achieving Outstanding Processing and Mechanical Properties for a Wind Turbine Blade

Impact of Process Technology on Properties of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Blade Composite Spar Cap

High‐performance, semi‐bio‐based degradable epoxy resins and their application to recyclable carbon fiber composites

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