Economic Comparison of Liquid Manure Transport and Land Application

Hadrich, Joleen C.; Harrigan, Timothy M.; Wolf, Christopher A.

doi:10.13031/2013.34939

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On the other hand, greater redistribution of slurry constituents in a soil with few preferential flow paths may increase the interaction between matrix flow and contaminants and, hence, leaching. Surface application, being less expensive (23) and less risky with regard to contaminant leaching, may be the best choice for loamy soil types, especially for dilute slurries, and for fields with less risk of surface runoff.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slurry is usually applied to agricultural fields by surface application or, increasingly, by subsurface injection at 6-to 10-cm soil depth to reduce nuisance odor and NH 3 volatilization from the applied slurry (23,24,25). These two application methods may represent different risks for leaching of nutrients and microorganisms as a result of the difference in slurry-soil contact (21,26,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Amin

Forslund

Bui

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pathogens may reach agricultural soils through application of animal manure and thereby pose a risk of contaminating crops as well as surface and groundwater. Treatment and handling of manure for improved nutrient and odor management may also influence the amount and fate of manure-borne pathogens in the soil. A study was conducted to investigate the leaching potentials of a phage (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage 28B) and two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species, in a liquid fraction of raw pig slurry obtained by solid-liquid separation of this slurry and in this liquid fraction after ozonation, when applied to intact soil columns by subsurface injection. We also compared leaching potentials of surface-applied and subsurface-injected raw slurry. The columns were exposed to irrigation events (3.5-h period at 10 mm h ؊1 ) after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of incubation with collection of leachate. By the end of incubation, the distribution and survival of microorganisms in the soil of each treatment and in nonirrigated columns with injected raw slurry or liquid fraction were determined. E. coli in the leachates was quantified by both plate counts and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess the proportions of culturable and nonculturable (viable and nonviable) cells. Solid-liquid separation of slurry increased the redistribution in soil of contaminants in the liquid fraction compared to raw slurry, and the percent recovery of E. coli and Enterococcus species was higher for the liquid fraction than for raw slurry after the four leaching events. The liquid fraction also resulted in more leaching of all contaminants except Enterococcus species than did raw slurry. Ozonation reduced E. coli leaching only. Injection enhanced the leaching potential of the microorganisms investigated compared to surface application, probably because of a better survival with subsurface injection and a shorter leaching path.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Amin

Forslund

Bui

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The low nutrient density of manure also limits the distance it can economically be transported, particularly for dairy or swine slurries, where a large part of the mass is made up of water rather than nutrients (Withers et al, 2015). Hadrich et al (2010), for example, found that the hauling and application costs for liquid dairy manure exceeded the value of the nutrients in the manure where the transport distance exceeded about 12 km. Another study in Texas found the breakeven manure transport distance ranged from 28 to 41 km but that the areas of nutrient deficit were 40 to 90 km from the dairy farms studied (Adhikari et al, 2005).…”

Section: Options For Mitigating Phosphorus Imbalancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasons for this localization of livestock operations and separation from arable lands include a diverse mix of cultural, economic, governmental, and physical factors, and these are likely significant barriers to promoting a more even distribution of livestock operations across the landscape. A number of papers have discussed potential methods to reduce P imbalance (Hadrich et al, 2010; Hanserud et al, 2017; Malmaeus and Karlsson, 2010), but all of these assessments have treated the location of the livestock operations as a given, with no consideration of relocation of livestock operations as an option. A review paper by McDowell et al (2016) presents some notable successes with managing nutrients from existing or expanding livestock operations in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, but the only mention of dealing with existing areas of P surplus was that “policy may have to consider land use change.”…”

Section: Options For Mitigating Phosphorus Imbalancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Imbalances in Phosphorus Accumulation in Canadian Agricultural Soils

2019

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Adequate phosphorus (P) is needed for crop production, but excessive P poses a potential risk to water quality. Results from the cumulative P balance calculations within the indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus (IROWC‐P) developed in Canada were assessed to determine the spatial and temporal trends in P accumulation at a regional scale and to consider the implications of these trends. Regional cumulative P balances were calculated from census data as a proxy for soil test P (STP) values, including the contribution of fertilizer or manure P to these balances. Ideally, over time we would see a convergence of soil test values at the low end of the critical response range for crop growth, where agronomic and environmental considerations are balanced, but this does not appear to be the case for many regions in Canada. Nationally, about 61% of agricultural land was predicted to be low in STP, and over half of this land is failing to replace the P that is removed each year. While only about 10% of the agricultural land has accumulated significantly more P than is needed for crop growth, almost all of this land is continuing to accumulate P rather than drawing it down. Manure is the dominant P source for continuing accumulation in regions with high or very high estimated STP; reducing this input will be difficult because of the nature of manure and the investment in buildings and infrastructure tied to specific locations, but it is clear that current Canadian policies need strengthened. Core Ideas Neither deficiency nor excess of P in soil is desirable. Imbalanced P distribution across Canada shows significant areas of deficiency and excess. Regions with high P soils continue to be enriched while regions with low P soils are depleted. In most high P regions, continued P buildup is dominated by livestock manure. Options to rebalance P inputs in these regions include dispersing livestock operations.

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“…Because the cover would prevent rain from collecting in the manure storage, we subtracted savings from avoided hauling of this rainwater from the storage unit to the field. Hauling on large farms can cost an estimated $0.005 L −1 , whereas on smaller farms, hauling for shorter distances can cost $0.0032 L −1 (Hadrich et al, 2010). Because there are many variables that affect rainwater hauling costs (e.g., larger farms generally have longer distances to field, amount of rainfall varies across the region, and hauling methods such as pumps or tankers) we averaged the 175‐cow dairy with the 1400‐cow dairy to address a range in transport costs across the state ($0.004 L −1 ; Hadrich et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New York Dairy Manure Management Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Costs (1992-2022)

Wightman

Woodbury

2016

J. Environ. Qual.

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Livestock manure can be a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHG) including methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO). However, GHG emissions are strongly affected by the type of waste management system (WMS) used. For example, CH emissions increase substantially under anaerobic conditions that occur in many WMSs. There is a need for improved estimates at regional and national scales of the effect of WMSs on GHG emissions and identification of opportunities and associated costs to mitigate these emissions. As New York State is the fourth largest dairy producer in the country, our objectives were to quantify (i) the changes in WMS and associated GHG emissions over time, (ii) a methane conversion factor (MCF) derived from existing data from three covered manure storage units in New York, and (iii) the benefit and cost of installing covers and flares to destroy CH from existing storage units. We found that GHG emissions from changing manure management increased from 0.7 Tg carbon dioxide equivalents per year (COe yr) in 1992 to 1.6 Tg COe yr in 2012. We derived an MCF of 0.61 based on data from dairy manure storage units with covers that captured and flared CH in 2010 and used this MCF to project GHG reductions for a statewide mitigation scenario in year 2022. This scenario, covering and flaring CH from 662 manure storage units, mitigates 1.8 Tg COe annually or 62% of manure GHG (CH and NO) at an estimated cost of $224 million ($0.005 L milk or $13 Mg COe).

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Economic Comparison of Liquid Manure Transport and Land Application

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Addressing Imbalances in Phosphorus Accumulation in Canadian Agricultural Soils

New York Dairy Manure Management Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Costs (1992-2022)

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