Economic burden of premature deaths attributable to non-optimum temperatures in Italy: A nationwide time-series analysis from 2015 to 2019

China’s public health initiatives for climate change adaptation

“…Climate change has a significant impact on labor productivity in China, in addition to its negative effects on health. Extreme temperatures not only result in medical expenses 33 , 34 and mortality losses 35 but also cause productivity losses, 36 , 37 all of which contribute to a decline in gross domestic product (GDP). For instance, economists estimate that the 2017 exceptional heatwave in China led to an estimated economic loss of 61,304 million RMB due to premature deaths.…”

Social-economic transitions and vulnerability to extreme temperature events from 1960 to 2020 in Chinese cities

“… 11 , 12 , 13 Furthermore, some studies have been conducted on the additional influence of heatwave and cold spells on specifically vulnerable individuals, such as newborns, pregnant women, 14 , 15 and the elderly. 16 Apart from causing health damage, extreme temperatures also lead to substantial economic losses, which can be typically divided into medical expenditures, 17 , 18 productivity loss, 19 , 20 and excess mortality losses 21 according to the previous researches.…”