Economic Burden of Patients with Anemia in Selected Diseases

Ershler, William B.; Chen, Kristina; Reyes, Eileen; Dubois, Robert W.

doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.00058.x

Cited by 125 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…39 Poor adherence to oral iron treatment is well known and was in accordance with our findings. Despite low absorption of oral iron and poor adherence, the cost of the quantity of intravenous iron actually delivered for use in erythropoiesis is many times greater than that of oral iron.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

Randomised clinical trial: oral vs. intravenous iron after upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage – a placebo‐controlled study

Bager

Dahlerup

2013

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Randomised clinical trial: oral vs. intravenous iron after upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage – a placebo‐controlled study

Bager

Dahlerup

2013

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] As a result, anemia can have a relevant effect on healthcare requirements and substantially increase healthcare costs. 9,10 The association between anemia and clinical outcomes is likely to be influenced by the poor prognosis of elderly with moderate to severe anemia. Recent studies have investigated the risks associated with specific intervals of hemoglobin concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association of mild anemia with hospitalization and mortality in the elderly: the Health and Anemia population-based study

Riva¹,

Tettamanti²,

Mosconi³

et al. 2009

Haematologica

127

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BackgroundMild anemia is a frequent laboratory finding in the elderly usually disregarded in everyday practice as an innocent bystander. The aim of the present population-based study was to prospectively investigate the association of mild grade anemia with hospitalization and mortality. Design and MethodsA prospective population-based study of all 65 to 84 year old residents in Biella, Italy was performed between 2003 and 2007. Data from a total of 7,536 elderly with blood tests were available to estimate mortality; full health information available to evaluate healthrelated outcomes was available for 4,501 of these elderly subjects. Mild grade anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration between 10.0 and 11.9 g/dL in women and between 10.0 and 12.9 g/dL in men. ResultsThe risk of hospitalization in the 3 years following recruitment was higher among the mildly anemic elderly subjects than among subjects who were not anemic (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.60). Mortality risk in the following 3.5 years was also higher among the mildly anemic elderly (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.34-2.53). Similar results were found when slightly elevating the lower limit of normal hemoglobin concentration to 12.2 g/dL in women and to 13.2 g/dL in men. The risk of mortality was significantly increased in mild anemia of chronic disease but not in that due to β-thalassemia minor. ConclusionsAfter controlling for many potential confounders, mild grade anemia was found to be prospectively associated with clinically relevant outcomes such as increased risk of hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Whether raising hemoglobin concentrations can reduce the risks associated with mild anemia should be tested in controlled clinical trials.Key words: mild anemia, elderly, mortality, hospitalization, hemoglobin. Haematologica 2009; 94:22-28. doi: 10.3324/haematol.13449 ©2009 Ferrata Storti Foundation. This is an open-access paper. Citation: Riva E, Tettamanti M, Mosconi P, Apolone G, Gandini F, Nobili A, Tallone MV, Detoma P, Giacomin A, Clerico M, Tempia P, Guala A, Fasolo G, and Lucca U. Association of mild anemia with hospitalization and mortality in the elderly: the Health and Anemia population-based study. Association of mild anemia with hospitalization and mortality in the elderly: the Health and Anemia population-based study

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“…6,7 Therefore anemia seems to have a significant effect on health indicators of a country and healthcare spending. 8,9 The present study has been undertaken to identify the common causes and types of anemia in elderly patients in educationally backward region with limited access to quality health care in Kashmir.…”

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Prevalence of anemia in geriatric population of Kashmir: A hospital based study

Hilal

Mushtaq

2017

Ann Med Physiol.

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Anemia is a common concern in geriatric age group in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the common causes and types of anemia in elderly patients in educationally backward region with limited access to quality health care. This was an observational study was done in Shri Maharaja Hari Singh (SMHS) Hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar, over a period of two years. 2000 patients above 60 years of age attending the outpatient clinic were screened for anemia based on WHO criteria. A random and non-consecutive selection of 100 anemic patients was done to study the morphological type and cause of anemia. 1160 (58%) patients were males and 840 (42%) were females. Total 812 out of 840 (96.67%) females and 738 out of 1160 (63.62%) males were found to be anemic. Maximum numbers of anemic patients were found in the age group 60-69 years. Mean age was 74.5 years. All the types of anemia based on peripheral smear were evident, normocytic being the commonest constituting 77.5%, followed by microcytic hypochromic 11.1%, macrocytic 7.05% and dimorphic 4.35%. 21% were lost to follow up and almost one fourth of the patients (24%) needed further evaluation before labelling them as having anemia due to old age. The common causes of anemia noted were gastrointestinal malignancy (31%), renal insufficiency (15%) and tuberculosis (9%). The inability to evaluate anemia in elderly individuals can lead to delay in the diagnosis of treatable as well as threatening disease conditions.

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Economic Burden of Patients with Anemia in Selected Diseases

Abstract: Anemia may substantially increase health-care costs at a level that is economically very relevant, despite the fact that these patients may comprise only one tenth of the overall anemic population.

Cited by 125 publications

References 16 publications

Randomised clinical trial: oral vs. intravenous iron after upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage – a placebo‐controlled study

Randomised clinical trial: oral vs. intravenous iron after upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage – a placebo‐controlled study

Association of mild anemia with hospitalization and mortality in the elderly: the Health and Anemia population-based study

Prevalence of anemia in geriatric population of Kashmir: A hospital based study

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