Economic Burden of Dementia Caused by Cardiovascular Disease in Australia

Gao, Lan; Nguyen, Dieu; Moodie, Marj

doi:10.3233/jad-215368

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The re‐implementation of the Banned Drinker Register (BDR) in the NT offers a unique opportunity to assess the secondary impact of alcohol policy on child and adolescent assault victimisation and perpetration. The NT has the highest rate of alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related deaths in Australia, and in response, has implemented a wide variety of both community and Territory wide alcohol policies [19, 20]. The NT government passed the Alcohol Harm Reduction Act [21] with the aim of addressing the high level of alcohol‐related harm across the NT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Northern Territory banned drinker register on police recorded youth assault

Baldwin,

Miller,

Coomber

et al. 2024

Drug and Alcohol Review

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IntroductionIn September 2017 the Northern Territory Government of Australia introduced a banned drinker register (BDR) to mitigate the high levels of alcohol‐related harm within the Northern Territory. The current study aimed to examine the impact of the Northern Territory BDR on youth (aged <18 years) using police recorded assault data.MethodsInterrupted time‐series models were used to assess monthly trends in assaults and alcohol‐related assaults perpetration and victimisation in the regions of Greater Darwin, Alice Springs and Katherine between January 2014 and December 2019.ResultsExamining the three regions combined, after the re‐introduction of the BDR a significant step decrease in police recorded youth assault perpetration (β = −1.67) and a significant step increase in police recorded youth assault victimisation (β = 1.40) was identified. However, no significant effects were identified at the individual region level.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings suggest that restricting alcohol consumption in high‐risk adults through the BDR had a limited immediate effect in police recorded youth assaults. Individual level or contextual factors may have influenced both immediate and long‐term impacts of the BDR, and as such, future policy design needs to support and empower community leaders across the policy development and implementation process. A wider evaluation of the BDR currently underway may provide additional understanding behind the mechanisms that underpin alcohol‐related harm in the Northern Territory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Northern Territory banned drinker register on police recorded youth assault

Baldwin,

Miller,

Coomber

et al. 2024

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…1 People with CVD contribute to increases in the cost burden of dementia. 2 Evidence suggests dementia in advanced age develops after a lifelong sequence of events, beginning with exposure to vascular risk factors in youth, followed by heart diseases. 3 A recent retrospective cohort study of predominantly younger adults found CVD diagnosis increased the risk of dementia by 17%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia are two co‐existing age‐related chronic conditions that contribute to disease burden in older adults 1 . People with CVD contribute to increases in the cost burden of dementia 2 . Evidence suggests dementia in advanced age develops after a lifelong sequence of events, beginning with exposure to vascular risk factors in youth, followed by heart diseases 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive trajectories and incident dementia after a cardiovascular event in older adults

Vishwanath

Hopper

Wolfe

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a recognized risk factor for dementia. Here we determined the extent to which an incident CVD event modifies the trajectory of cognitive function and risk of dementia.METHODS19,114 adults (65+) without CVD or dementia were followed prospectively over 9 years. Incident CVD (fatal coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, hospitalization for heart failure) and dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria) were adjudicated by experts.RESULTSNine hundred twenty‐two participants had incident CVD, and 44 developed dementia after CVD (4.9% vs. 4.4% for participants without CVD). Following a CVD event there was a short‐term drop in processing speed (−1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.57 to −1.41), but there was no significant association with longer‐term processing speed. In contrast, faster declines in trajectories of global function (−0.56, 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.36), episodic memory (−0.10, 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.04), and verbal fluency (−0.19, 95% CI: −0.30 to −0.01) were observed.DISCUSSIONFindings highlight the importance of monitoring cognition after a CVD event.

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Stroke and its diagnosis age on incidence dementia, and the mediating role of inflammation: A matched cohort study

Yang,

Chang,

Qin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background We aimed to determine whether and to what extent the joint effect of stroke and age of stroke diagnosis on incident dementia, and to investigate whether inflammation indicators mediate the stroke-dementia relationship. Methods We conducted a nationwide, population-based, matched cohort analysis using data from the UK Biobank. The study examined a total of 13,712 individuals who had suffered a stroke (7,712 incident stroke, 6,000 prevalent stroke). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were employed to investigate the association between stroke and dementia risk. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (SI) were calculated to measure the interaction on the additive scale. Longitudinal mediation analysis was conducted to assess the potential mediating effect of inflammation on the association between stroke and dementia, stratified by the age at stroke diagnosis. Competing risk models and propensity score matching were utilized in sensitivity analysis. Results: The median follow-up time was 4.76 years (range: 2.05-8.39) for the incident stroke cohort and 19.07 years (range: 15.87-23.97) for the prevalent stroke cohort. After stroke and non-stroke matching, younger patients exhibited a higher risk of post-stroke dementia compared to older patients, particularly in females and those with non-O blood type. For stroke survivors, older age at stroke onset was associated with higher risks of developing all-cause dementia (HR per 10-year increase, 3.41; 95% CI, 2.84-4.10), and 44%-47% of the combined risk was due to an additive interaction of stroke and its diagnosis age. Chronic inflammation mediated the stroke-dementia association, accounting for 5.4–5.8% of the overall impact in stroke survivors. Conclusion: In addition to confirming that stroke significantly elevates the risk of dementia and that an earlier age at stroke diagnosis augments dementia risk, our study underscores the joint effect of stroke and diagnosis age and inflammation may play a role in this relationship, advocating for early interventions and targeted therapeutic strategies for stroke survivors.

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Economic Burden of Dementia Caused by Cardiovascular Disease in Australia

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Impacts of Northern Territory banned drinker register on police recorded youth assault

Impacts of Northern Territory banned drinker register on police recorded youth assault

Cognitive trajectories and incident dementia after a cardiovascular event in older adults

Stroke and its diagnosis age on incidence dementia, and the mediating role of inflammation: A matched cohort study

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