Economic Burden of Chronic Ill Health and Injuries for Households in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Essue, Beverley M; Laba, Tracey‐Lea; Knaul, Felícia Marie; Chu, Annie; Minh, Hoàng Văn; Nguyen, Thi Kim Phuong; Jan, Stephen

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch6

Cited by 77 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…In most of the literature on medical impoverishment, the medical conditions responsible for this impoverishment are not identified. Essue and colleagues 36 point to where specific causes of medical impoverishment are known, which is obviously a central point for construction of benefits packages.…”

Section: The Dcp3 Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

et al. 2018

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The World Bank is publishing nine volumes of Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition (DCP3) between 2015 and 2018. Volume 9, Improving Health and Reducing Poverty, summarises the main messages from all the volumes and contains cross-cutting analyses. This Review draws on all nine volumes to convey conclusions. The analysis in DCP3 is built around 21 essential packages that were developed in the nine volumes. Each essential package addresses the concerns of a major professional community (eg, child health or surgery) and contains a mix of intersectoral policies and health-sector interventions. 71 intersectoral prevention policies were identified in total, 29 of which are priorities for early introduction. Interventions within the health sector were grouped onto five platforms (population based, community level, health centre, first-level hospital, and referral hospital). DCP3 defines a model concept of essential universal health coverage (EUHC) with 218 interventions that provides a starting point for country-specific analysis of priorities. Assuming steady-state implementation by 2030, EUHC in lower-middle-income countries would reduce premature deaths by an estimated 4·2 million per year. Estimated total costs prove substantial: about 9·1% of (current) gross national income (GNI) in low-income countries and 5·2% of GNI in lower-middle-income countries. Financing provision of continuing intervention against chronic conditions accounts for about half of estimated incremental costs. For lower-middle-income countries, the mortality reduction from implementing the EUHC can only reach about half the mortality reduction in non-communicable diseases called for by the Sustainable Development Goals. Full achievement will require increased investment or sustained intersectoral action, and actions by finance ministries to tax smoking and polluting emissions and to reduce or eliminate (often large) subsidies on fossil fuels appear of central importance. DCP3 is intended to be a model starting point for analyses at the country level, but country-specific cost structures, epidemiological needs, and national priorities will generally lead to definitions of EUHC that differ from country to country and from the model in this Review. DCP3 is particularly relevant as achievement of EUHC relies increasingly on greater domestic finance, with global developmental assistance in health focusing more on global public goods. In addition to assessing effects on mortality, DCP3 looked at outcomes of EUHC not encompassed by the disability-adjusted life-year metric and related cost-effectiveness analyses. The other objectives included financial protection (potentially better provided upstream by keeping people out of the hospital rather than downstream by paying their hospital bills for them), stillbirths averted, palliative care, contraception, and child physical and intellectual growth. The first 1000 days after conception are highly important for child development, but the next 7000 days are likewise important and often neglected.

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Section: The Dcp3 Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

et al. 2018

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“…If CKD remains uncontrolled and if the affected person survives the ravages of cardiovascular and other complications of the disease, CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where life cannot be sustained without dialysis therapy or kidney transplantation. Hence, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure [3]. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume 2-3% of the annual health-care budget in high-income countries; spent on less than 0.03% of the total population of these countries [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere – From Prevention to Detection and Equitable Access to Care

Garcia-Garcia

Lui

et al. 2020

Kidney Dis

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The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. Aggravat-ingly, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. Crucially, however, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions -be it primary, secondary or tertiary. This complementing article focuses on outlining and analyzing measures that can be implemented in every country to promote and advance CKD

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“…Hence, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. 3 The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume 2% to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries, and spent on <0.03% of the total population of these countries. 4 Importantly, however, kidney disease can be prevented and progression to ESRD can be delayed with appropriate access to basic diagnostics and early treatment including lifestyle modifications and nutritional interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney health for everyone everywhere— from prevention to detection and equitable access to care

Garcia-Garcia

Lui

et al. 2020

Hong Kong Med J

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Economic Burden of Chronic Ill Health and Injuries for Households in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 77 publications

References 100 publications

Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere – From Prevention to Detection and Equitable Access to Care

Kidney health for everyone everywhere— from prevention to detection and equitable access to care

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