This study analyzed the influence of risk factors of coal mine safety based on WSR (Wili-Shili-Renli) theory. We established a coal mine safety risk index system of the “human-machine-ring-tube” by applying the decision-making experimental analysis method to calculate the centrality of coal mine safety risk factors. Interpretative structural modeling was applied to determine the relationships among the coal mine safety risk factors. The improved CRITIC empowerment method was then applied to establish a coal mine safety risk cause model, and the degree of comprehensive impact was determined. The results showed that the main risk factors affecting coal mine safety were: three violations rates of personnel, safety inspection rate, safety management system, hidden danger rectification, equipment reliability rate, safety monitoring system operation status, comprehensive quality of personnel, personnel operation and safety awareness, and video monitoring system operation status.