Economic appraisal of supercritical fluid extraction of refined cashew nut shell liquid

Patel, Rajesh N.; Bandyopadhyay, Santanu; Ganesh, Anuradda

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.015

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, similar studies have revealed the economic viability of SFE in the recovery of extracts from aromatic, condiment and medicinal plants such as ginger, clove basil, mango, lemon verbena, cashew nut shell liquid and 'leiteira de dois irmãos' SFE extracts. 29,[44][45][46] In the present study it was shown that SFE is also economically viable for the production of extracts and essential oils from rosemary, fennel and anise at lower costs than those using traditional separation methodologies.…”

Section: Steam Distillation Manufacturing Cost Estimationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Economic analysis of rosemary, fennel and anise essential oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction

Pereira

Meireles

2007

Flavour & Fragrance J

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In the present work, economic analysis of the production of extracts and essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and anise (Pimpinella anisum) by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation are discussed. The manufacturing cost (COM) was determined considering that the COM can be obtained in terms of the costs of investment, operational labour, raw materials, waste treatment and utilities. The manufacturing cost was also estimated considering that the essential oil content in SFE extracts varies (50-100%). The analysis showed that the supercritical fluid extraction is economically viable to obtain these vegetable extracts and essential oils. The higher costs of essential oils obtained by steam distillation were mainly caused by the lower yield and the higher energy consumption of this process.

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Section: Steam Distillation Manufacturing Cost Estimationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Economic analysis of rosemary, fennel and anise essential oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction

Pereira

Meireles

2007

Flavour & Fragrance J

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“…A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 18 For any given extraction vessel in a 2-vessel SFE plant, the procedures specified in section 3 allow estimating the simulation parameters, which can be fed into a computer simulation program that predicts the cumulative extraction curve of oil yield (Y) versus time by integrating the product of mass flow rate of CO 2 and the oil concentration in the scCO 2 leaving the extractor:…”

Section: Page 20 Of 71mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clove bud oil and ginger oleoresin [4] Cashew nut shell liquid [18] Herb (anise, fennel, and rosemary) essential oil [19] Lemon verbena and mango leaf extracts [20] Tabernaemontana catharinensis alkaloids [21] Sweet basil extract [22] Multipurpose plant (phenolics of grape skin, tocopherol from olive leaves, herbicides from sunflower leaves, carotenoids from microalgae) [23] Rosemary extract [24] Palm oil and carotenoids [25] Dried banana peel extract [26] Peach almond, spearmint, and marigold extract [27] Clove and sugarcane residue extract [28] Defatted annatto seeds [29] Striped weakfish waste polyunsaturated fatty acids [30] Pomegranate leaf polyphenols [31] Grape seed oil [32] Grape bagasse polyphenols [33] Anacardium occidentale leaf extract [34] Linseed oil [35] Mango leaf extract [36] Supercritical fractionation waste rosmarinic acids [37] Waste cooking oil biodiesel production via enzymatic transesterification [38] Common bean, Heteropterys aphrodisiaca, Inga edulis, and Pyrostegia venusta phenolics [39] Page 50 of 71…”

Section: Application Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of natural compounds using supercritical CO2: Going from the laboratory to the industrial application

Valle¹

2015

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

108

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“…As documented in literature, cashew nut shell contains naturally occurring liquids with phenolic and carboxylic compounds [8,9]. It is a dark or redish-brown coloured liquid, viscous in its crude form and found in the soft honey comb structure of the shell of cashew nut [10,11]. Unlike the conventional phenols that are synthesized from petroleum sources, natural CNSL is not limited by environmental restriction hence, eco-friendly products are derived from it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chemically Modified Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

Dosunmu

Kinigoma

Akaranta

2019

JERR

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The need to convert waste-to-wealth motivated this research. Huge amount of by-products generated in the processing stage of cashew nut is treated as waste and dumped in the environment. The waste contains a dark liquid rich in natural and renewable phenolic material known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). Owing to the phenolic composition and structural features of CNSL, different types of naturally occurring as well as modified natural cellulose based polymers have been synthesized and used to substitute synthetic and petroleum based polymers for various applications. In this study, naturally occurring liquid from cashew nut shell was extracted, modified and characterized as additive for drilling fluid formulations. The study adopted solvent extraction technique using soxhlet apparatus, acetone and cashew nut shell. The liquid Dike et al.; JERR, 8(4): 1-8, 2019; Article no.JERR.52884 2 extract was further modified using amines respectively. In the condensation reaction, 100 mls of the cashew nut shell was used to react with 7.3 ml ethanol-amines, 27.58 ml diethanol-amine (DEA) and 38.2 ml triethanol-amine (TEA) respectively. The mixtures were sulphonated with sulphamic acid as catalyst at a temperature ranging from 100ºC to 140ºC. The reaction mixtures were stirred continually for an hour (1hr.) and water of esterification was collected as by-product of the reaction which was an indication of complete reaction. Biodegradable, cheap and renewable esters were obtained. To elucidate on the chemical structure, the esters were subjected to elemental analysis using the FTIR instrument. The results of the FTIR analysis revealed that N-H and C-H stretching vibrations which were absent in CNSL, were present in the modified compounds, attesting that in deed new compounds have been formed. The physico-chemical properties of the extract was analysand the result showed an agreement with existing literature. These products, in combination with the right additives, and conditions could be potential multipurpose additives in drilling operation. This will help to reduce the cost of importing synthetic oilfield additives, creating job opportunities and boosting the local content goal. Original Research Article

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Economic appraisal of supercritical fluid extraction of refined cashew nut shell liquid

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Economic analysis of rosemary, fennel and anise essential oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction

Economic analysis of rosemary, fennel and anise essential oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction

Extraction of natural compounds using supercritical CO2: Going from the laboratory to the industrial application

Characterization of Chemically Modified Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

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