Economic and Spatial Determinants of Energy Consumption in the European Union

Flores-Chamba, Jorge; López-Sánchez, Michelle; Ponce, Pablo; Guerrero-Riofrío, Patricia; Álvarez‐García, José

doi:10.3390/en12214118

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In numerous available publications referenced as part of literature on the links between the economy, energy and environment, other researchers have also evaluated the impact of various socio-economic factors, demographic factors [51], technological factors [51] and other aspects and conditions that affect the ecosphere, the energy sector and the dynamics of environmental indicators. In this regard, there is a vast number of studies that focus on aspects of energy structure, energy and environmental R&D activities [53,58], public awareness [8,[59][60][61], energy efficiency [37,[62][63][64][65], eco-innovation [12], eco-efficiency [66], natural resources [47,67], municipal waste recycling [52], energy policy [60,65,68,69], education [8], health [23,41], the tourism sector [25], COVID-19 epidemic [70], energy prices [57,60], taxation [53,71], renewable energy technologies [22,27,72], etc., very often in connection with economic growth [46][47][48][49]53,63,73], energy planning system [59,…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts

Komarnicka

Murawska

2021

Energies

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The use of energy is a precondition for global economic and civilisational development. However, the growing demand for energy is depleting traditional energy resources and, most importantly, causing environmental pollution, mainly through the emission of greenhouse gases. As energy is necessary for the functioning of all sectors of the economy, such as industry, services, transport as well as households, these sectors are the largest contributors to energy consumption. Renewable energy sources are an alternative to generating energy from conventional fossil fuels. The main objective of this paper was to determine and compare the level, trends and variation in energy consumption by different economic sectors in countries of the European Union in 2010–2019. An analysis of the share of renewable energy consumption in different economic sectors was also carried out, as well as an assessment of the relationship of these indicators with the level of economic development of the countries and environmental impacts in the form of greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption. To explore the topics under discussion, a dozen of indicators have been considered in the article. The source of empirical data collected was the European Statistical Office. The researched period covered the years 2010–2019. The empirical data was statistically analysed. The article considers changes in the values of the studied indicators, differentiation between countries and the results of correlation and regression analysis. As shown by the data from 2010–2019, the countries of the European Union vary significantly in respect of primary and final energy consumption. The highest final energy consumption occurs in the transport sector, followed by slightly lower consumption in the industrial sector and households sector and the lowest but also significant consumption in the commercial and public services sector. Since 2010, total primary and final energy consumption has decreased in the EU (27) countries. Total energy consumption and consumption by individual sectors in modern economies of the EU (27) countries are reflected on the one hand in economic development and on the other—in exacerbation of adverse climate changes. Therefore, all EU Member States, aware of their energy consumption and their own contribution to environmental pollution, should take effective and sustainable corrective action in this area as soon as possible.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts

Komarnicka

Murawska

2021

Energies

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“…In other words, the determinants of homicides within each country are examined. Then, the I Moran test is applied [51] with which the presence of spatial autocorrelation between the analysis variables is confirmed, a necessary condition to perform the spatial econometric analysis [52][53][54][55]. Consequently, homicides in one country are explained by variables from neighboring countries.…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America

et al. 2021

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The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of income inequality on the homicide rate. The study is carried out in 18 Latin American countries for the period 2005–2018. The methodology used is the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model and the data were obtained from World Development Indicators, the World Health Organization and the Inter-American Development Bank. Thus, the dependent variable is the homicide rate and the independent variable is income inequality. In addition, some control variables are included, such as: poverty, urban population rate, unemployment, schooling rate, spending on security and GDP per capita, which improve the consistency of the model. The results obtained through GLS model determine that inequality has a negative and significant effect on the homicide rate for high-income countries (HIC) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), whereas it is positive and significant for upper-middle-income countries (UMIC). On the other hand, the control variables show different results by group of countries. In the case of unemployment, it is not significant in any group of countries. Negative spatial dependence was found regarding spatial models such as: the spatial lag (SAR) and spatial error (SEM) method. In the spatial Durbin model (SDM), positive spatial dependence between the variables was corroborated. However, spatial auto-regressive moving average (SARMA) identified no spatial dependence. Under these results it is proposed: to improve productivity, education and improve the efficiency of security-oriented resources.

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“…The development of this industry injected dynamism to market growth, urban employment, and escalated levels of personal incomes, which played a critical role in the industrial reforms as well as an economic revival. 4,5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO₂ emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?

Ahmad

Anser

et al. 2020

Energy & Environment

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Although urban agglomerations have introduced substantial contributions to the economies around the globe, it has also led to the serious environmental challenges. However, this situation may vary across the development levels. The existing knowledge offers a gap in terms of both theoretical and empirical grounds. The Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) is previously not known to incorporate land agglomeration and the intensity of energy use. Besides, the investigation of linkages among the variables of interest across the development levels within a country is not known to be considered by the existing knowledge. This study systematically investigates the heterogeneous dynamic causality among the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), and economic progress across the development levels in the Chinese economy, considering 29 provinces for the period 2000 to 2018. To this end, a long-term co-integration association is tested and found existent among the variables of interest. A dynamic common correlated effects mean group approach is applied for impact analysis. The key findings include: The impacts of economic progress and land agglomeration on CO2 are found positive and significant in the country panel and western zone of China (WZC). It turned to be neutral in the case of the central zone of China (CZC) and significantly negative in the eastern zone of China (EZC). To this end, economic progress presented a ‘development ladder-based CO2 mitigation effect,’ while the land agglomeration exposed the ‘land agglomeration ladder-based CO2 mitigation effect’. Further, the causalities extracted are: first, economic progress is found in positive bilateral linkages with the intensity of energy use and land agglomeration for all the panels. Second, a positive and unilateral causal bridge is found operating from land agglomeration to the intensity of energy use and from the intensity of energy use to CO2. Third, a unilateral linkage of mixed nature is exposed to exist from land agglomeration to CO2, with positive causal links for country panel and WZC, negative causal links for EZC, while a neutral linkage is found for CZC. Fourth, a bidirectional link with mixed causalities appeared in the country panel and WZC. Economic progress increased CO2 in WZC. Next, a negative bilateral link is observed between the two variables in EZC. Additionally, this link remained neutral in CZC. Based on empirics, it is revealed that the development level matters in determining the links among the variables of interest.

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Economic and Spatial Determinants of Energy Consumption in the European Union

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts

Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts

Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America

Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO₂ emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?

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Economic and Spatial Determinants of Energy Consumption in the European Union

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts

Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts

Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America

Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO2 emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?

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Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO₂ emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?