Economic and social implications of aging societies

Harper, Sarah

doi:10.1126/science.1254405

Cited by 484 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As people age, physiological and psychological changes occur [4]. Therefore, in addition to its social and economic impact, the phenomenon of aging also brings a significant effect on people's mobility [5]. Regardless of country, travel by the elderly is generally characterized by relatively short distances and low frequencies [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly’s Travel Patterns and Trends: The Empirical Analysis of Beijing

Liu

Sun

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:Travel by the elderly is generally characterized by relatively short distances and low frequencies. However, with social development, the travel patterns of the elderly are lacking in sustainability. In some European countries, the elderly are increasingly dependent on cars while traveling. In addition, the influencing factors of the elderly's travel behavior are also changing. At present, most foreign and domestic studies focus on the impact of individual and household socioeconomic attributes, travel attributes, and policy factors on the travel frequency, travel mode choice, and travel demand of the elderly, but they lack an analysis of the regional differences of the elderly's travel behavior characteristics and related countermeasures. The studies excessively focus on the influencing factors but overlook the difference between the elderly's travel characteristics and young people's travel characteristics, as well as the interactions at the household level. Based on data from the Fifth Travel Survey of Residents in Beijing 2014, this paper uses variance analysis, Spearman's correlation analysis, and descriptive and comparative analysis to study the difference in travel frequency over 24 hours between the elderly and middle-aged/young people in Beijing, the impact of household, individual, and travel attributes on the travel frequency difference, and the regional difference in the elderly's travel behavior characteristics. The results show that there is a significant difference in travel frequency between the elderly group and the middle-aged/young group in Beijing; the main reason is the individual difference between travelers. Travelers' attributes all exert an influence on the travel frequency of both groups, but the degree and direction of the influence are different. At the household level, middle-aged/young people with a higher household income travel less frequently, whereas the case is completely the opposite for the elderly. In terms of personal attributes, gender has a significant negative effect on the elderly's travel frequency; that is, women travel less than men, whereas there is no difference between men and women in middle-aged/young people. Regarding travel attributes, travel distance and travel duration have a significant negative effect on the two groups' travel frequencies. The elderly in some European countries are more dependent on cars, whereas a large proportion of elderly people in Beijing walk on foot, but the degree of dependence on cars of the "new generation" of the elderly in Beijing will increase rapidly, which will bring the lack of sustainability of travel patterns, further bringing new challenges to policymakers and transport planning departments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly’s Travel Patterns and Trends: The Empirical Analysis of Beijing

Liu

Sun

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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“…These concepts are important given that recent data show that by the year 2050, 25% of the world population will be 65 years of age or older, and certain areas of the world will have populations exceeding 40% of 65 years of age and older [16]. Furthermore, additional population data suggests that the number of individuals 80 years of age and older will triple during this time [17].…”

Section: Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Age-Specific High-Intensity Stretch-Shortening Contractions in Reversing Dynapenia, Sarcopenia, and Loss of Skeletal Muscle Quality

Baker

2018

JFMK

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During the aging process, skeletal muscle performance and physiology undergoes alterations leading to decrements in functional capacity, health-span, and independence. Background: The utility and implementation of age-specific exercise is a paramount research agenda focusing on ameliorating the loss of both skeletal muscle performance and physiology; yet, to date, no consensus exists as to the most appropriate mechanical loading protocol design or overall exercise prescription that best meets this need. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the most optimal type of exercise presently available and provide the most current, evidence-based findings for its efficacy. The hypothesis that high-intensity, stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs)-a form of "resistance-type exercise" training-present as the preferred exercise mode for serving as an intervention-based modality to attenuate dynapenia, sarcopenia, and decreased muscle quality with aging, even restoring the overall youthful phenotype, will be demonstrated. Conclusions: Appreciating the fundamental evidence supporting the use of high-intensity SSCs in positively impacting aging skeletal muscle's responsivity and their use as a specific and sensitive countermeasure is crucial. Moreover, from an applied perspective, SSCs may improve skeletal muscle quality and rejuvenate health-span and, ultimately, lead to augmented functional capacity, independence, and quality of life concomitant with decreased morbidity.

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“…However, since the new entrants belong to smaller cohorts, there might be a potential need for skills at both ends of the educational distribution. This trend is reinforced by current changes in labour demand, which is particularly dynamic for both low-skilled and high-skilled workers in the services sector (Autor and Dorn, 2013 [19] ; Goos, Manning and Salomons, 2009 [20] ), a situation which is likely to continue (Cedefop, 2016 [21] ).…”

Section: Résumémentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of migration to the dynamics of the labour force in OECD countries

Spielvogel¹,

Meghnagi²

2018

OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers

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This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. │ DELSA/ELSA/WD/SEM(2018)4For Official Use OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paperswww.oecd.org/els/workingpapers OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s).Working Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works. Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to els.contact@oecd.org.This series is designed to make available to a wider readership selected labour market, social policy and migration studies prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language -English or French -with a summary in the other.This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. © OECD 2018You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. AcknowledgementsThis paper has been drafted by Michela Meghnagi and Gilles Spielvogel. This paper should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the authors. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD member countries or of the European Union. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Innovation "EaSI" (2014-2020). │ DELSA/ELSA/WD/SEM(2018)For Official Use AbstractThis paper presents the methodology as well as the results of the joint OECD-EC project Migration-Demography Database: A monitoring system of the demographic impact of migration and mobility. The objective of the project is to evaluate the contribution of migration to past and future labour market dynamics across OECD countries. After assessing the role of migration over the last five to 10 years in shaping the o...

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Economic and social implications of aging societies

Cited by 484 publications

References 41 publications

Elderly’s Travel Patterns and Trends: The Empirical Analysis of Beijing

Elderly’s Travel Patterns and Trends: The Empirical Analysis of Beijing

Efficacy of Age-Specific High-Intensity Stretch-Shortening Contractions in Reversing Dynapenia, Sarcopenia, and Loss of Skeletal Muscle Quality

The contribution of migration to the dynamics of the labour force in OECD countries

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