Economic and Quality-of-Life Implications of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Younossi, Zobair M.; Henry, Linda

doi:10.1007/s40273-015-0316-5

Cited by 78 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Within the twelve studies that have mentioned the included obesity-related diseases, one study, by Su et al [31], included obesity-related liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, which are also associated with obesity [75,76]. For example, NAFLD, a very common chronic liver disease worldwide, is on the rise following the trend of increasing prevalence of obesity, and is the second most common indication for liver transplantation, and an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma [77]. Also, hepatic steatosis is known to be an associated comorbidity of obesity [78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review

Tremmel

Gerdtham

Nilsson

et al. 2017

IJERPH

864

546

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Background: The rising prevalence of obesity represents an important public health issue. An assessment of its costs may be useful in providing recommendations for policy and decision makers. This systematic review aimed to assess the economic burden of obesity and to identify, measure and describe the different obesity-related diseases included in the selected studies. Methods: A systematic literature search of studies in the English language was carried out in Medline (PubMed) and Web of Science databases to select cost-of-illness studies calculating the cost of obesity in a study population aged ≥18 years with obesity, as defined by a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m², for the whole selected country. The time frame for the analysis was January 2011 to September 2016. Results: The included twenty three studies reported a substantial economic burden of obesity in both developed and developing countries. There was considerable heterogeneity in methodological approaches, target populations, study time frames, and perspectives. This prevents an informative comparison between most of the studies. Specifically, there was great variety in the included obesity-related diseases and complications among the studies. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for public health measures to prevent obesity in order to save societal resources. Moreover, international consensus is required on standardized methods to calculate the cost of obesity to improve homogeneity and comparability. This aspect should also be considered when including obesity-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review

Tremmel

Gerdtham

Nilsson

et al. 2017

IJERPH

864

546

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…97–100 Adults with NAFLD had had worse physical and mental health scores compared to the U.S. population with and without chronic illness. 99 Moreover, among adults with NAFLD, those with NASH reported lower physical health, but not mental health, compared to subjects with fatty liver disease without NASH.…”

Section: Associated Co-morbidities Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Phenotype and Approach to Pediatric vs Adult Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2016

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main chronic non-communicable diseases in westernized societies; its worldwide prevalence has doubled during the last 20 years. NAFLD has serious health implications not only for adults, but also for children. However, pediatric NAFLD is not only an important global problem in itself, but it is likely to be associated with increases in comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. There are several differences between NAFLD in children and adults and it is not clear whether the disease observed in children is the initial phase of a process that progresses with age. The increasing prevalence of pediatric NAFLD has serious implications for the future adult population requiring appropriate action. Studies of NAFLD progression, pathogenesis, and management should evaluate disease phenotypes in children and follow these over patient lifetimes. We review the similarities and differences of NAFLD between children and adults.

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“…Modeling can be used as a tool to take into account existing epidemiology parameters to forecast disease burden. Several recent analyses assessed the disease and economic burden associated with NASH [10][11][12]. Prior studies were based on existing data reported in the literature, but such studies are confounded by varying case definitions, diagnostic techniques, and staging used for NAFLD / NASH; as well as relatively small and varying sample populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016–2030

Estes

Anstee

Arias-Loste

et al. 2018

Journal of Hepatology

1,307

817

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Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are increasingly a cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. This burden is expected to increase as epidemics of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome continue to grow. The goal of this analysis was to use a Markov model to forecast NAFLD disease burden using currently available data. Methods:A model was used to estimate NAFLD and NASH disease progression in 8 countries based on data for adult prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Published estimates and expert consensus were used to build and validate the model projections. Results:If obesity and DM level off in the future, we project a modest growth in total NAFLD cases (0-30%), between 2016-2030, with the highest growth in China as result of urbanization and the lowest growth in Japan as result of a shrinking population.However, at the same time, NASH prevalence will increase 15-56%, while liver mortality and advanced liver disease will more than double as result of an aging/increasing population.Conclusions: NAFLD and NASH represent a large and growing public health problem and efforts to understand this epidemic and to mitigate the disease burden are needed.If obesity and DM continue to increase at current and historical rates, both NAFLD and 4 NASH prevalence are expected to increase. Since both are reversible, public health campaigns to increase awareness and diagnosis, and to promote diet and exercise can help manage the growth in future disease burden.Lay summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to advanced liver disease, and are occurring in increasing numbers in tandem with epidemics of obesity and diabetes. A mathematical model was built to understand how the disease burden associated with NAFLD and NASH will change over time. Results suggest increasing numbers of cases of advanced liver disease and liver-related mortality in the coming years. 5 BACKGROUNDNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease globally [1][2][3]. This condition is characterized by excess liver fat in the absence of other causes such as alcohol consumption [4,5]. Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are consistently identified as the most important risk factors for NAFLD [4,6].In order to classify the population, NAFLD may be divided into two groups: NAFL (steatosis only) or NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), where steatosis is accompanied by inflammation and ballooning. NASH frequently progresses to liver fibrosis [7] that is the main risk factor for liver-related mortality [8]. Odds of progression to advanced liver disease, including hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are higher among those with NASH compared to those with NAFL [7]. Increasing age, obesity, DM and the presence of NASH have been consistently identified as risk factors for progression to cirrhosis [6,9].There is a...

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Economic and Quality-of-Life Implications of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 78 publications

References 44 publications

Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review

Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review

Comparison of the Phenotype and Approach to Pediatric vs Adult Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016–2030

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